Measuring fertilization success of broadcast-spawning marine invertebrates within seagrass meadows.

Increasing current velocity has been negatively correlated with the fertilization success of marine broadcast-spawning invertebrates. Seagrass has been shown to affect seawater hydrodynamics by slowing the movement of water. In this study we aimed to tease apart the relationship between fertilization success in sea urchins inside and outside of seagrass beds in St. Joseph Bay, Florida. Fluorescein dye diffusion, as a proxy for gamete diffusion, indicated higher rates of diffusion in sand habitats outside of seagrass beds. We quantified the proportion of eggs that remained on a female compared to being advected off a female over a 2-min interval in and out of grass beds. More eggs were collected inside of seagrass beds than over sand habitats, suggesting increased residence time of gametes within the beds. We induced sea urchins to spawn in experimental arrays in and out of grass beds and measured the fertilization success of eggs released from females and captured in the water column with a plankton pump. The fertilization success of eggs was significantly higher in grass beds. We concluded that seagrasses have the potential to mitigate gamete diffusion and increase the reproductive success of broadcast-spawning species that spawn in them.