Marine Science Center, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, United States of America ; Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kane'ohe, Hawai'i, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2013 Sep 30;8(9):e76082. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076082. eCollection 2013.
Broadcast spawning invertebrates that live in shallow, high-energy coastal habitats are subjected to oscillatory water motion that creates unsteady flow fields above the surface of animals. The frequency of the oscillatory fluctuations is driven by the wave period, which will influence the stability of local flow structures and may affect fertilization processes. Using an oscillatory water tunnel, we quantified the percentage of eggs fertilized on or near spawning green sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Eggs were sampled in the water column, wake eddy, substratum and aboral surface under a range of different periods (T = 4.5-12.7 s) and velocities of oscillatory flow. The root-mean-square wave velocity (rms(u(w))) was a good predictor of fertilization in oscillatory flow, although the root-mean-square of total velocity (rms(u)), which incorporates all the components of flow (current, wave and turbulence), also provided significant predictions. The percentage of eggs fertilized varied between 50-85% at low flows (rms(u(w)) <0.02 m s(-1)), depending on the location sampled, but declined to below 10% for most locations at higher rms(u(w)). The water column was an important location for fertilization with a relative contribution greater than that of the aboral surface, especially at medium and high rms(u(w)) categories. We conclude that gametes can be successfully fertilized on or near the parent under a range of oscillatory flow conditions.
生活在浅海、高能海岸栖息地的广播繁殖无脊椎动物会受到水面上振荡水流的影响，这种水流会产生不稳定的流场。振荡波动的频率由波浪周期驱动，这将影响局部流结构的稳定性，并可能影响受精过程。我们使用振荡水隧道量化了在一系列不同周期（T=4.5-12.7 s）和振荡水流速度下，在产卵绿海胆（Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis）上或附近受精的卵子比例。在振荡流中，卵从水柱、尾流涡、基质和背面取样，根均方波速度（rms(u(w)))是振荡流中受精的良好预测指标，尽管根均方总速度（rms(u)），它包含了所有流动成分（当前，波和湍流），也提供了重要的预测。在低流速（rms(u(w)) <0.02 m s(-1))下，根据取样位置的不同，受精的卵子比例在 50-85%之间变化，但在较高 rms(u(w))下，大多数位置的受精比例下降到 10%以下。水柱是受精的重要场所，其相对贡献大于背面，尤其是在中高 rms(u(w))类别中。我们得出结论，在一系列振荡流条件下，配子可以在亲代附近成功受精。
