University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2011 May;20(2):124-30. doi: 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0067). Epub 2011 Mar 8.
To compare the effects of the tongue-hold swallowing maneuver on pharyngeal pressure generation in healthy young and elderly research volunteers.
Sixty-eight healthy research volunteers (young, n = 34, mean age = 26.8 years, SD = 5.5; elderly, n = 34, mean age = 72.6 years, SD = 4.8; sex equally represented) performed 5 noneffortful saliva swallows and 5 tongue-hold swallows each. Amplitude and duration of pharyngeal pressure were investigated during both swallowing conditions with solid-state pharyngeal manometry at the level of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and upper esophageal sphincter (UES).
At both pharyngeal levels, tongue-hold swallows produced lower peak pressure compared with saliva swallows. During tongue-hold swallows, UES relaxation pressure was increased in the elders, whereas the younger group displayed a trend toward reduced relaxation pressure. Elderly individuals produced pressure longer during control swallows in the oropharynx and hypopharynx than young individuals.
The tongue-hold maneuver affects oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal pressure in the young and elders in similar ways, whereas effects on UES peak relaxation pressure differ between age groups. Reduced pharyngeal peak pressure and increased UES relaxation pressure underscore the notion that tongue-hold swallows should not be performed when bolus is present. Long-term training effects remain to be investigated.
比较舌压吞咽动作对健康年轻和老年研究志愿者咽压产生的影响。
68 名健康研究志愿者（年轻组，n=34，平均年龄 26.8 岁，标准差 5.5；老年组，n=34，平均年龄 72.6 岁，标准差 4.8；性别均衡）各进行 5 次非用力唾液吞咽和 5 次舌压吞咽。在口咽、下咽和食管上括约肌（UES）水平，使用固态咽测压法在两种吞咽条件下研究咽压的幅度和持续时间。
在两个咽水平，舌压吞咽产生的峰值压力均低于唾液吞咽。在舌压吞咽时，老年人的 UES 松弛压力增加，而年轻组的松弛压力呈下降趋势。与年轻人相比，老年人在控制吞咽时，口咽和下咽的吞咽持续时间更长。
舌压吞咽动作对年轻和老年人的口咽和下咽压力的影响方式相似，而对 UES 峰值松弛压力的影响则因年龄组而异。咽峰值压力降低和 UES 松弛压力增加强调了在存在食团时不应进行舌压吞咽的观点。长期训练效果仍有待研究。
