Holroyd Clay B, Krigolson Olav E, Lee Seung
Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Neuroreport. 2011 Mar 30;22(5):249-52. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e328345441d.
A recent theory holds that a component of the human event-related brain potential called the reward positivity reflects a reward prediction error signal. We investigated this idea in gambling-like task in which, on each trial, a visual stimulus predicted a subsequent rewarding or nonrewarding outcome with 80% probability. Consistent with earlier results, we found that the reward positivity was larger to unexpected than to expected outcomes. In addition, we found that the predictive cues also elicited a reward positivity, as proposed by the theory. These results indicate that the reward positivity reflects the initial assessment of whether a trial will end in success or failure and the reappraisal of that information once the outcome actually occurs.
最近的一种理论认为，人类与事件相关的脑电位的一个组成部分，即奖励正波，反映了奖励预测误差信号。我们在类似赌博的任务中研究了这一观点，在该任务中，每次试验时，视觉刺激以80%的概率预测随后的奖励或无奖励结果。与早期结果一致，我们发现，与预期结果相比，奖励正波对意外结果的反应更大。此外，正如该理论所提出的，我们发现预测线索也会引发奖励正波。这些结果表明，奖励正波反映了对一次试验是否会以成功或失败告终的初步评估，以及一旦结果实际出现对该信息的重新评估。
