作为膝关节角度函数的下肢伸展力和肌电图特性及其与关节转矩的关系:对力量诊断的启示。
Lower extremity extension force and electromyography properties as a function of knee angle and their relation to joint torques: implications for strength diagnostics.
机构信息
Department of Biomechanics in Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
出版信息
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Jun;25(6):1622-31. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ddfce3.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether and how isometric multijoint leg extension strength can be used to assess athletes' muscular capability within the scope of strength diagnosis. External reaction forces (Fext) and kinematics were measured (n = 18) during maximal isometric contractions in a seated leg press at 8 distinct joint angle configurations ranging from 30 to 100° knee flexion. In addition, muscle activation of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris c.l., gastrocnemius medialis, and tibialis anterior was obtained using surface electromyography (EMG). Joint torques for hip, knee, and ankle joints were computed by inverse dynamics. The results showed that unilateral Fext decreased significantly from 3,369 ± 575 N at 30° knee flexion to 1,015 ± 152 N at 100° knee flexion. Despite maximum voluntary effort, excitation of all muscles as measured by EMG root mean square changed with knee flexion angles. Moreover, correlations showed that above-average Fext at low knee flexion is not necessarily associated with above-average Fext at great knee flexion and vice versa. Similarly, it is not possible to deduce high joint torques from high Fext just as above-average joint torques in 1 joint do not signify above-average torques in another joint. From these findings, it is concluded that an evaluation of muscular capability by means of Fext as measured for multijoint leg extension is strongly limited. As practical recommendation, we suggest analyzing multijoint leg extension strength at 3 distinct knee flexion angles or at discipline-specific joint angles. In addition, a careful evaluation of muscular capacity based on measured Fext can be done for knee flexion angles ≥ 80°. For further and detailed analysis of single muscle groups, the use of inverse dynamic modeling is recommended.
本研究旨在评估等长多关节腿部伸展力量是否以及如何能够用于评估运动员在力量诊断范围内的肌肉能力。在 8 个不同的关节角度配置(从 30°到 100°膝关节屈曲)下,通过表面肌电图(EMG)测量了 18 名受试者在坐姿腿屈伸器中进行最大等长收缩时的外部反作用力(Fext)和运动学。此外,通过逆动力学计算了髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的关节扭矩。结果表明,单侧 Fext 从 30°膝关节屈曲时的 3369±575N 显著下降到 100°膝关节屈曲时的 1015±152N。尽管是最大随意收缩,但 EMG 均方根测量的所有肌肉的兴奋度都随膝关节屈曲角度而变化。此外,相关性表明,在低膝关节屈曲时的平均以上 Fext 不一定与在大膝关节屈曲时的平均以上 Fext 相关,反之亦然。同样,从高 Fext 也不可能推断出高关节扭矩,正如在 1 个关节中的平均以上关节扭矩并不意味着另一个关节中的平均以上扭矩。根据这些发现,我们得出结论,通过多关节腿部伸展测量的 Fext 来评估肌肉能力受到严重限制。作为实际建议,我们建议在 3 个不同的膝关节屈曲角度或特定于学科的关节角度分析多关节腿部伸展力量。此外,对于膝关节屈曲角度≥80°,可以基于测量的 Fext 对肌肉能力进行仔细评估。对于单个肌肉群的进一步和详细分析,建议使用逆动力学建模。