Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, China.
J Appl Toxicol. 2012 Jul;32(7):480-7. doi: 10.1002/jat.1662. Epub 2011 Mar 9.
Accidental ingestion or injection of household products sometimes occurs due to their accessibility, but the toxic manifestations have not been well characterized when they are internally administered. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects induced by ingestion or injection of different ionic surfactants and disinfectants in rats. The test drugs involved benzalkonium and benzethonium (BZK and BZT, both cationic surfactants used as disinfectants), alkyldiaminoethylglycine (AEG, an amphoteric surfactant used as a disinfectant), linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS, an anionic surfactant), polyoxyethylene cetylether (PEC, a nonionic surfactant), chlorhexidine (CHX, not a surfactant but a disinfectant) and saline (control). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered one of the test drugs orally (p.o.), intravenously (i.v.) or intraarterially (i.a.). The fatal effects appeared rapidly (<30 min) in i.v.-administered rats, while taking hours (>5 h) in i.a./p.o.-administered rats after a dose of around LD(50) , although the progress and degree of toxic effects varied among the drugs tested. In intravascular administration, BZK and BZT were fatal at doses of 15-20 mg kg(-1) . Higher concentrations in lung and kidney than in blood were determined. CHX showed a high toxic effect compared with cationic surfactants. The rats administered anionic (LAS) or amphoteric (AEG) surfactant died in less than 24 h at doses over 100 mg kg(-1) . In p.o. administration, the toxic effects were concentration/dose-dependent, and all rats administered high doses of surfactants except for PEC died at 5-20 h. The overall toxic ranks could be: cationic surfactant/CHX> anionic/amphoteric surfactant > nonionic surfactant.
由于家用产品易于获取，有时会发生意外摄入或注射，但当它们被内服时，其毒性表现尚未得到很好的描述。本研究旨在研究不同离子表面活性剂和消毒剂经口服或注射给药在大鼠体内引起的毒性作用。受试药物包括苯扎氯铵和苯扎溴铵（BZK 和 BZT，均为用作消毒剂的阳离子表面活性剂）、烷基二氨基乙基甘氨酸（AEG，一种用作消毒剂的两性表面活性剂）、直链烷基苯磺酸盐（LAS，一种阴离子表面活性剂）、聚氧乙烯鲸蜡醚（PEC，一种非离子表面活性剂）、洗必泰（CHX，不是表面活性剂而是消毒剂）和生理盐水（对照）。雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠经口（p.o.）、静脉（i.v.）或动脉内（i.a.）给予一种受试药物。静脉内给予的大鼠在 30 分钟内迅速出现致命作用（<30 分钟），而在给予接近 LD50 的剂量后，动脉内/口服给予的大鼠则需要数小时（>5 小时）才出现毒性作用，尽管受试药物的进展和毒性作用程度不同。在血管内给药中，BZK 和 BZT 的致死剂量为 15-20mg/kg。在肺和肾中的浓度高于血液中的浓度。与阳离子表面活性剂相比，CHX 表现出较高的毒性作用。给予阴离子（LAS）或两性（AEG）表面活性剂的大鼠在超过 100mg/kg 的剂量下在 24 小时内死亡。口服给药时，毒性作用呈浓度/剂量依赖性，除 PEC 外，所有给予高剂量表面活性剂的大鼠均在 5-20 小时内死亡。总的毒性等级可能为：阳离子表面活性剂/CHX>阴离子/两性表面活性剂>非离子表面活性剂。
