Peres Maria Fernanda Tourinho, Vicentin Diego, Nery Marcelo Batista, de Lima Renato Sérgio, de Souza Edinilsa Ramos, Cerda Magdalena, Cardia Nancy, Adorno Sérgio
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2011 Jan;29(1):17-26. doi: 10.1590/s1020-49892011000100003.
To describe homicide mortality in the municipality of São Paulo according to type of weapon, sex, race or skin color, age, and areas of socioeconomic inequalities, between 1996 and 2008.
For this ecological time-series study, data about deaths in the municipality of São Paulo were collected from the municipal program for improvement of mortality information, using International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes. Homicide mortality rates (HMR) were calculated for the overall population and specifically for each sex, race or skin color, age range, type of weapon, and occurrence in social deprivation/affluence areas. HMR were adjusted for age using the direct method. The percentage age of variation in HMR was calculated for the study period. For areas of socioeconomic inequalities, the relative risk of death from homicide was calculated.
HMR fell 73.7% between 2001 and 2008. A reduction in HMR was observed in all groups, especially males (-74.5%), young men between 15 and 24 years of age (-78.0%), and residents in areas of extreme socioeconomic deprivation (-79.3%). The reduction occurred mostly in firearm homicide rates (-74.1%). The relative risk of death from homicide in areas of extreme socioeconomic deprivation, as compared to areas with some degree of socioeconomic deprivation, was 2.77 in 1996, 3.9 in 2001, and 2.13 in 2008. In areas of high socioeconomic deprivation, the relative risk was 2.07 in 1996 and 1.96 in 2008.
To understand the reduction in homicide rates in the municipality of São Paulo, it is important to take into consideration macrodeterminants that affect the entire municipality and all population subgroups, as well as micro/local determinants that have special impact on homicides committed with firearms and on subgroups such as the young, males, and residents of areas of high socioeconomic deprivation.
描述1996年至2008年间，圣保罗市按武器类型、性别、种族或肤色、年龄以及社会经济不平等地区划分的凶杀死亡率。
在这项生态时间序列研究中，圣保罗市的死亡数据来自城市死亡率信息改善项目，使用国际疾病分类第10版（ICD - 10）编码。计算了总体人群以及按性别、种族或肤色、年龄范围、武器类型和社会贫困/富裕地区发生情况细分的凶杀死亡率（HMR）。使用直接法对HMR进行年龄调整。计算了研究期间HMR的年龄变化百分比。对于社会经济不平等地区，计算了凶杀死亡的相对风险。
2001年至2008年间，HMR下降了73.7%。所有群体的HMR均有所下降，尤其是男性（-74.5%）、15至24岁的年轻人（-78.0%）以及社会经济极度贫困地区的居民（-79.3%）。下降主要发生在火器凶杀率（-74.1%）方面。与一定程度社会经济贫困地区相比，社会经济极度贫困地区的凶杀死亡相对风险在1996年为2.77，2001年为3.9，2008年为2.13。在社会经济高度贫困地区，相对风险在1996年为2.07，2008年为1.96。
要理解圣保罗市凶杀率的下降情况，重要的是要考虑影响整个城市和所有人口亚组的宏观决定因素，以及对火器凶杀案以及年轻人、男性和社会经济高度贫困地区居民等亚组有特殊影响的微观/局部决定因素。
