Creel Alisha H, Rimal Rajiv N
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
AIDS Care. 2011 Jul;23(7):901-7. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2010.540227. Epub 2011 Jun 24.
HIV testing remains an important part of HIV prevention and treatment programs. Interventions to encourage testing may be more effective if they can be tailored to audiences with different readiness for testing. We sought to determine characteristics differentiating people who had tested from those who had not but were interested, and people who were interested from people who had not tested and were not interested in testing. We analyzed survey data from 2671 adults in Namibia, investigating demographic, psychosocial, interpersonal, behavioral, and access to care-related factors that might differentiate the groups. Findings indicated that the interested group differed from the not interested group on factors such as knowledge of testing locations and about HIV medications, higher perceived susceptibility for getting HIV, lower stigma toward people with HIV, and more positive interpersonal factors like more social support and discussion about HIV. The tested group differed from the interested group on factors relating to life stage and socioeconomic status, such as being older, more educated, having more access to amenities, being less likely to be a student, and more likely to be living with a sexual partner, along with access-related factors such as access to counseling resources and testing clinics. Consistent with results from stage-based behavior change studies, interest in HIV testing among the untested may be related more to knowledge, attitudes, and social openness about HIV, while testing behavior among the interested may be related more to socioeconomic and access-related barriers. As such, interventions tailored for these different audiences may be more effective than a single intervention to promote testing.
艾滋病毒检测仍然是艾滋病毒预防和治疗项目的重要组成部分。如果鼓励检测的干预措施能够针对对检测有不同准备程度的受众进行调整，可能会更有效。我们试图确定能够区分已检测者与未检测但有兴趣者，以及有兴趣者与未检测且对检测无兴趣者的特征。我们分析了纳米比亚2671名成年人的调查数据，调查可能区分这些群体的人口统计学、心理社会、人际、行为以及获得护理相关的因素。研究结果表明，有兴趣的群体与无兴趣的群体在以下因素上存在差异，如对检测地点和艾滋病毒药物的了解、更高的艾滋病毒感染易感性认知、对艾滋病毒感染者更低的污名化，以及更积极的人际因素，如更多的社会支持和关于艾滋病毒的讨论。已检测的群体与有兴趣的群体在与生活阶段和社会经济地位相关的因素上存在差异，如年龄较大、受教育程度较高、更容易获得便利设施、不太可能是学生、更有可能与性伴侣同居，以及与获得相关的因素，如获得咨询资源和检测诊所的机会。与基于阶段的行为改变研究结果一致，未检测者对艾滋病毒检测的兴趣可能更多地与对艾滋病毒的知识、态度和社会开放性有关，而有兴趣者的检测行为可能更多地与社会经济和获得相关的障碍有关。因此，针对这些不同受众量身定制的干预措施可能比单一的促进检测干预措施更有效。
