Joseph Heather A, Fasula Amy M, Morgan Rebecca L, Stuckey Amy, Alvarez Maria E, Margolis Andrew, Stratford Dale, Dooley Samuel W
Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
AIDS Educ Prev. 2011 Dec;23(6):577-94. doi: 10.1521/aeap.2011.23.6.577.
HIV testing in non-health care settings is an effective strategy for increasing the proportion of persons aware of their infection. We conducted 21 focus groups with 186 past and potential clients in five U.S. cities to explore attitudes and experiences related to HIV counseling and testing in non-health care settings. Qualitative analysis yielded several key themes. HIV-related stigma and fear emerged as a main theme throughout the discussions. Knowing one's HIV status quickly and accurately was of primary importance; HIV prevention counseling was secondary. Participants prioritized a supportive, nonjudgmental environment with adequate privacy and confidentiality. Provision of immediate emotional support, medical information, and linkage services to HIV-infected clients were considered essential. Staff with HIV-specific skills to address clients' emotional and informational needs was considered a strength of non-health care testing programs. Frequently, however, participants compared non-health care settings unfavorably to health care settings regarding privacy, competency, confidentiality, and test accuracy. Recommendations for enhancing counseling and testing services in non-health care settings are discussed.
在非医疗保健场所进行艾滋病毒检测是提高知晓自身感染状况的人群比例的一项有效策略。我们在美国五个城市与186名既往和潜在客户开展了21个焦点小组讨论，以探讨与非医疗保健场所艾滋病毒咨询和检测相关的态度和经历。定性分析得出了几个关键主题。在整个讨论过程中，与艾滋病毒相关的耻辱感和恐惧成为一个主要主题。快速准确地知晓自身艾滋病毒感染状况至关重要；艾滋病毒预防咨询则次之。参与者将拥有足够隐私和保密性的支持性、无歧视环境列为优先事项。为艾滋病毒感染客户提供即时情感支持、医疗信息及转诊服务被视为必不可少。具备应对客户情感和信息需求的艾滋病毒专项技能的工作人员被视为非医疗保健检测项目的一项优势。然而，参与者常常将非医疗保健场所与医疗保健场所在隐私、能力、保密性和检测准确性方面进行不利比较。文中讨论了加强非医疗保健场所咨询和检测服务的建议。
