Norwegian Center for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
BMC Public Health. 2011 Mar 10;11:160. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-160.
Alcohol use is increasing among women in Africa, and comparable information about women's current alcohol use is needed to inform national and international health policies relevant to the entire population. This study aimed to provide a comparative description of alcohol use among women across 20 African countries.
Data were collected as part of the WHO World Health Survey using standardized questionnaires. In total, 40,739 adult women were included in the present study. Alcohol measures included lifetime abstinence, current use (≥ 1 drink in previous week), heavy drinking (15+ drinks in the previous week) and risky single-occasion drinking (5+ drinks on at least one day in the previous week). Country-specific descriptives of alcohol use were calculated, and K-means clustering was performed to identify countries with similar characteristics. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted for each country to identify factors associated with drinking status.
A total of 33,841 (81%) African women reported lifetime abstinence. Current use ranged from 1% in Malawi to 30% in Burkina Faso. Among current drinkers, heavy drinking varied between 4% in Ghana to 41% in Chad, and risky single-occasion drinking ranged from <1% in Mauritius to 58% in Chad. Increasing age was associated with increased odds of being a current drinker in about half of the countries.
A variety of drinking patterns are present among African women with lifetime abstention the most common. Countries with hazardous consumption patterns require serious attention to mitigate alcohol-related harm. Some similarities in factors related to alcohol use can be identified between different African countries, although these are limited and highlight the contextual diversity of female drinking in Africa.
在非洲，女性饮酒人数不断增加，需要了解有关女性当前饮酒情况的可比信息，以便为与整个人口相关的国家和国际卫生政策提供信息。本研究旨在提供 20 个非洲国家女性饮酒情况的比较描述。
数据是作为世界卫生组织世界卫生调查的一部分收集的，使用标准化问卷。本研究共纳入 40739 名成年女性。酒精测量包括终生戒酒、当前饮酒（过去一周至少喝 1 次）、重度饮酒（过去一周喝 15 次以上）和高危单次饮酒（过去一周至少 1 天喝 5 次以上）。计算了各国特定的酒精使用描述，并进行了 K-均值聚类分析，以确定具有相似特征的国家。为每个国家拟合了多因素逻辑回归模型，以确定与饮酒状况相关的因素。
共有 33841 名（81%）非洲女性报告终生戒酒。目前的使用率从马拉维的 1%到布基纳法索的 30%不等。在当前饮酒者中，重度饮酒在加纳为 4%，乍得为 41%，高危单次饮酒在毛里求斯为<1%，乍得为 58%。在大约一半的国家中，年龄的增加与成为当前饮酒者的几率增加有关。
非洲女性的饮酒模式多种多样，终生戒酒最为常见。需要认真关注那些存在危险饮酒模式的国家，以减轻与酒精相关的危害。不同非洲国家之间可以识别出一些与饮酒相关的因素存在相似性，但这些因素有限，突出了非洲女性饮酒的背景多样性。
