Kaushanskaya Margarita, Marian Viorica, Yoo Jeewon
Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, United States.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2011 May;137(1):24-35. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.02.002. Epub 2011 Mar 9.
In prior work, women were found to outperform men on short-term verbal memory tasks. The goal of the present work was to examine whether gender differences on short-term memory tasks are tied to the involvement of long-term memory in the learning process. In Experiment 1, men and women were compared on their ability to remember phonologically-familiar novel words and phonologically-unfamiliar novel words. Learning of phonologically-familiar novel words (but not of phonologically-unfamiliar novel words) can be supported by long-term phonological knowledge. Results revealed that women outperformed men on phonologically-familiar novel words, but not on phonologically-unfamiliar novel words. In Experiment 2, we replicated Experiment 1 using a within-subjects design, and confirmed gender differences on phonologically-familiar, but not on phonologically-unfamiliar stimuli. These findings are interpreted to suggest that women are more likely than men to recruit native-language phonological knowledge during novel word-learning.
在先前的研究中，发现女性在短期言语记忆任务上的表现优于男性。本研究的目的是检验短期记忆任务中的性别差异是否与长期记忆在学习过程中的参与有关。在实验1中，比较了男性和女性记忆语音熟悉的新单词和语音不熟悉的新单词的能力。语音熟悉的新单词（而非语音不熟悉的新单词）的学习可以得到长期语音知识的支持。结果显示，女性在语音熟悉的新单词上表现优于男性，但在语音不熟悉的新单词上并非如此。在实验2中，我们采用被试内设计重复了实验1，并证实了在语音熟悉的刺激上存在性别差异，但在语音不熟悉的刺激上不存在。这些发现被解释为表明女性在学习新单词时比男性更有可能调用母语语音知识。
