Facultat de Farmàcia, Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés i Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2011 Jun;84(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.013. Epub 2011 Mar 9.
Heavy metals have become one of the most serious anthropogenic stressors for plants and other living organisms. Having efficient and feasible bioassays available to assess the ecotoxicological risks deriving from soil pollution is necessary. This work determines pollution by Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in two soils used for growing rice from the Albufera Natural Park in Valencia (Spain). Both were submitted to a different degree of anthropic activity, and their ecotoxicological risk was assessed by four ecotoxicity tests to compare their effectiveness: Microtox test, Zucconi test, pot bioassay (PB) and soil plate bioassay (SPB). The sensitivity of three plant species (barley, cress and lettuce) was also assessed. The results reveal a different degree of effectiveness and level of inhibition in the target organisms' growth depending on the test applied, to such an extent that the one-way analysis of variance showed significant differences only for the plate bioassay results, with considerable inhibition of root and shoot elongation in seedlings. Of the three plant species selected, lettuce was the most sensitive species to toxic effects, followed by cress and barley. Finally, the results also indicate that the SPB is an efficient, simple and economic alternative to other ecotoxicological assays to assess toxicity risks deriving from soil pollution.
重金属已成为植物和其他生物面临的最严重人为压力源之一。为了评估土壤污染带来的生态毒性风险，有必要使用高效且可行的生物测定法。本研究测定了西班牙瓦伦西亚阿尔布费拉自然公园种植水稻的两种土壤中 Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、V 和 Zn 的污染情况。这两种土壤都受到不同程度的人为活动影响，并通过四种生态毒性测试来评估其生态毒性风险，以比较它们的有效性：Microtox 测试、Zucconi 测试、盆栽生物测定（PB）和土壤平板生物测定（SPB）。还评估了三种植物（大麦、水芹和生菜）的敏感性。结果表明，根据所应用的测试，目标生物的生长在有效性和抑制水平上存在不同程度的差异，以至于单向方差分析仅显示平板生物测定结果存在显著差异，幼苗的根和芽伸长受到了相当大的抑制。在所选择的三种植物中，生菜对毒性效应最敏感，其次是水芹和大麦。最后，结果还表明，SPB 是一种高效、简单且经济的替代其他生态毒性测定法的方法，可用于评估土壤污染带来的毒性风险。
