Promkerd Prasartthong, Khoprasert Yuvaluk, Virathavone Phongthep, Thoummabouth Manivone, Sirisak Ouane, Jäkel Thomas
Agricultural Zoology Research Group, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok, ThailandGeneral Service Lao, Vientiane, Lao PDRLa Maison du Patrimoine, Ban Xieng Thong, Luang Prabang, Lao PDRGerman Technical Cooperation (GTZ), Eschborn, Germany.
Integr Zool. 2008 Mar;3(1):11-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2008.00069.x.
A field and a household survey, the latter of which included inspections and interviews with the residents of a total of 1370 properties, were conducted in 2004 in 30 villages of the city of Luang Prabang, Lao PDR, in order to assess the degree of rodent infestation and to identify potential factors influencing infestations. Roof rats, Rattus rattus, and the Polynesian rat, Rattus exulans, were the only rodents found in the city, and trapping results showed a clear dominance of roof rats (80-90% of all individuals). Measurements of rodent activity using tracking patches correlated positively with the trapping data, and revealed a significantly higher degree of rat infestation during the rainy season (September) than during the dry season (November). If households in the vicinity of the sampling locations were considered, villagers' accounts of indoor rodent infestations recorded during the household survey correlated positively with measurements of rodent activity. At least every second household reported indoor infestations. Using explorative statistical analyses (classification trees, factor analysis) we checked the predictive or explanatory value of up to 28 variables assessed during household inspections for villagers' observations on rodent infestation as the dependent variable. Trophic factors such as exposed food (indoors) and garbage (outdoors), and structural features such as open ceilings (indoors) and rat harborage in gardens (outdoors) ranked highest as explanatory variables. Assessment of a small sample of roof rat droppings collected inside houses revealed the presence of the potential disease agents Salmonella javiana, Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis and the parasitic nematode Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica). These results underline the need for an appropriate rodent management strategy for the city, whereby simple sanitation and rodent-proofing measures could be cheap means of reducing rat infestation rates.
2004年，在老挝琅南塔市的30个村庄开展了一项实地和家庭调查，后者包括对总共1370处房产的居民进行检查和访谈，以评估啮齿动物的侵扰程度，并确定影响侵扰的潜在因素。屋顶鼠（黑家鼠）和波利尼西亚鼠（太平洋鼠）是该市发现的仅有的啮齿动物，诱捕结果显示屋顶鼠明显占主导地位（占所有个体的80 - 90%）。使用追踪贴片对啮齿动物活动进行的测量与诱捕数据呈正相关，并且显示雨季（9月）的鼠患程度明显高于旱季（11月）。如果考虑采样地点附近的家庭，家庭调查期间记录的村民关于室内啮齿动物侵扰的描述与啮齿动物活动的测量结果呈正相关。至少每隔一户就报告有室内侵扰情况。我们使用探索性统计分析（分类树、因子分析），以村民关于啮齿动物侵扰的观察结果作为因变量，检查了在家庭检查期间评估的多达28个变量的预测或解释价值。诸如（室内）暴露的食物和（室外）垃圾等营养因素，以及诸如（室内）开放式天花板和（室外）花园中的鼠类栖息地等结构特征作为解释变量排名最高。对在房屋内收集的一小部分屋顶鼠粪便样本进行评估，发现存在潜在病原体爪哇沙门氏菌、微小隐孢子虫、十二指肠贾第虫和寄生线虫肝毛细线虫（同肝毛细线虫）。这些结果强调了该市需要制定适当的啮齿动物管理策略，通过简单的卫生和防鼠措施可能是降低鼠患率的低成本方法。
