丧偶预测通过积极情绪的前瞻性变化预测日间皮质醇活动的改变。
Spousal loss predicts alterations in diurnal cortisol activity through prospective changes in positive emotion.
机构信息
Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4401, USA.
出版信息
Health Psychol. 2011 Mar;30(2):220-7. doi: 10.1037/a0022262.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to examine the role of spousal bereavement and positive emotion in naturally occurring levels of daily cortisol.
METHODS
Analyses were conducted using data from the Midlife in the United States survey and the National Study of Daily Experiences. Baseline assessments of extraversion, neuroticism, trait positive emotion, and trait negative emotion were obtained, as were reports of demographic and health behavior covariates. Salivary cortisol levels were measured at wakeup, 30 min after awakening, before lunch, and at bedtime on each of 4 successive days.
RESULTS
Multilevel growth curve analyses indicated that independent of age, gender, education, extraversion, neuroticism, negative emotion, medication use, and smoking, spousal bereavement was associated with lower levels of cortisol at wakeup and a flattening of the diurnal cortisol rhythm. Mediation analyses revealed that prospective changes in positive emotion accounted for the impact of bereavement on diurnal cortisol slopes.
CONCLUSION
The current prospective study is among the first to provide evidence for a role for positive emotion as a mechanism by which bereavement influences hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation in older adults.
目的
本研究旨在探讨配偶丧亲与积极情绪在自然发生的日常皮质醇水平中的作用。
方法
分析使用来自美国中年调查和国家日常经历研究的数据进行。在基线评估外向性、神经质、特质积极情绪和特质消极情绪，并报告人口统计学和健康行为协变量。在连续 4 天的每天早晨醒来、醒来后 30 分钟、午餐前和睡前测量唾液皮质醇水平。
结果
多层次增长曲线分析表明，独立于年龄、性别、教育、外向性、神经质、消极情绪、药物使用和吸烟，配偶丧亲与早晨皮质醇水平降低和昼夜皮质醇节律平坦有关。中介分析显示，积极情绪的前瞻性变化解释了丧亲对老年人下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴失调的影响。
结论
本前瞻性研究是首批提供积极情绪作为丧亲影响老年人下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴失调机制的证据之一。
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