Yu Hongbo, Cheng Jie, Cheng Andrew Hua-an, Shen Steve Guofang
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
J Craniofac Surg. 2011 Mar;22(2):648-51. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e318207f2e8.
Virtual surgical simulation and training system offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional training and surgical planning. However, the algorithm for surgical simulation is sophisticated, and the requirement of computer software and hardware is high. The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of tree-structure architectonic model in simplifying and realizing virtual orthognathic surgical simulation.
Four patients with skeletal malocclusions were enrolled in this study. Craniomaxillofacial computed tomography scan was obtained, and three-dimensional model was reconstructed using Simplant software. Maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy, bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, vertical ramus osteotomy, and genioplasty were carried out on the three-dimensional model in advance. Tree-structure architectonic model was established in the sterolithography format. With stereoscopic glasses, using digital gloves, operators immersed in virtual environment and operated on "real" patients performing surgical simulation.
Through establishing tree-structure architectonic model in advance, the complex algorithm for virtual osteotomy was simplified, and computational complexity was reduced. Three-dimensional model can be visualized from any viewing point. Operators were immersed in the virtual environment with a conspicuous sense of immersion. An obvious image and tactile feedback was perceived when touching and moving the bony segments. Virtual orthognathic surgical simulation and training were realized with real-time image and tactile perception feedback.
Establishing tree-structure architectonic model in advance is an ideal alternative in implementing virtual orthognathic surgical simulation. Virtual surgical simulation and training were realized with a strong sense of immersion. Craniomaxillofacial three-dimensional virtual surgical simulation system can be used in orthognathic surgical planning, simulation, and operation training.
虚拟手术模拟与训练系统为传统训练和手术规划提供了一种经济高效的替代方案。然而，手术模拟算法复杂，对计算机软硬件要求较高。本研究的目的是探讨树形结构构建模型在简化和实现虚拟正颌手术模拟方面的可行性。
本研究纳入4例骨骼性错牙合患者。获取颅颌面计算机断层扫描图像，使用Simplant软件重建三维模型。预先在三维模型上进行上颌Le Fort I截骨术、双侧矢状劈开下颌支截骨术、下颌支垂直截骨术和颏成形术。以立体光刻格式建立树形结构构建模型。操作人员佩戴立体眼镜，使用数字手套，沉浸在虚拟环境中，对“真实”患者进行手术模拟操作。
通过预先建立树形结构构建模型，简化了虚拟截骨的复杂算法，降低了计算复杂度。三维模型可从任何视角进行可视化。操作人员沉浸在虚拟环境中，有明显的沉浸感。触摸和移动骨段时可感知明显的图像和触觉反馈。通过实时图像和触觉感知反馈实现了虚拟正颌手术模拟与训练。
预先建立树形结构构建模型是实现虚拟正颌手术模拟的理想选择。实现了具有强烈沉浸感的虚拟手术模拟与训练。颅颌面三维虚拟手术模拟系统可用于正颌手术规划、模拟和操作训练。
