Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, SRB-11000 Belgrade.
Chem Biodivers. 2011 Mar;8(3):483-93. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201000169.
The chemical composition of the essential oils of Satureja horvatii Šilić from two natural habitats (Mt. Orjen and Mt. Lovćen in Montenegro) and from cultivated plants (Belgrade, Serbia) were characterized. For the latter, plants from the locus classicus, i.e., Orjenske Lokve (Mt. Orjen), were transferred to Belgrade and, after three years of cultivation, the chemical composition of their essential oils at different phenological stages was analyzed. The essential oils were obtained from the aerial parts of the plants by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The yields and chemical compositions of the S. horvatii oils showed significant differences between the plants collected in the natural habitats and those from cultivation, as well as between the plants at different phenological stages. In the populations from the natural habitats, growing in Mediterranean conditions, the most abundant oil constituents were the phenols thymol (63.7% in the samples from Mt. Orjen) or carvacrol (68.1% in the samples from Mt. Lovćen), while the oils from the cultivated plants (Belgrade), growing in continental conditions, were dominated by linalool (up to 65.8 and 55.9% in average). The basic characteristics of the essential oil from plants at the early phenological stage (before flowering) were high percentages of linalool (37.4%), thymol (27.3%), and carvacrol (12.2%). At the stage of flowering, the percentage of linalool (56.6-57.5%) increased, while those of thymol (15.5-15.8%) and carvacrol (1.4-1.5%) significantly decreased. The essential oil of plants in the full stage of fruiting was characterized by the domination of linalool (58.4 and 65.8%) and lower percentages of thymol (7.6 and 1.3%) and carvacrol (0.7 and 0.1%). In conclusion, the oil composition of S. horvatii was found to depend on the pedoclimatic conditions of the habitat and the phenological stage of the plants.
对两种自然生境（黑山的奥连特山和洛夫琴山）和栽培植物（塞尔维亚贝尔格莱德）中的霍瓦特牛至（Satureja horvatii Šilić）精油的化学成分进行了表征。对于后者，从经典生境，即奥连特洛克夫（奥连特山）转移到贝尔格莱德的植物，经过三年的栽培，分析了它们在不同物候阶段的精油化学成分。通过水蒸气蒸馏从植物的地上部分获得精油，并通过 GC 和 GC/MS 进行分析。在自然生境中采集的植物和栽培植物以及不同物候阶段的植物之间，精油的产率和化学成分存在显著差异。在生长在地中海条件下的自然生境种群中，含量最丰富的油分是酚类化合物百里酚（奥连特山样品中的 63.7%）或香芹酚（洛夫琴山样品中的 68.1%），而生长在大陆条件下的栽培植物（贝尔格莱德）则以芳樟醇为主（平均高达 65.8%和 55.9%）。早期物候阶段（开花前）植物精油的基本特征是芳樟醇（37.4%）、百里酚（27.3%）和香芹酚（12.2%）的百分比较高。在开花阶段，芳樟醇的百分比（56.6-57.5%）增加，而百里酚（15.5-15.8%）和香芹酚（1.4-1.5%）的百分比显著降低。完全结果期植物的精油以芳樟醇为主（58.4%和 65.8%），百里酚的百分比较低（7.6%和 1.3%），香芹酚的百分比较低（0.7%和 0.1%）。总之，发现霍瓦特牛至的油组成取决于生境的土壤气候条件和植物的物候阶段。
