State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China.
J Econ Entomol. 2011 Feb;104(1):243-9. doi: 10.1603/ec10113.
The resistant (R) strain of the planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) selected for bisultap resistance displayed 7.7-fold resistance to bisultap and also had cross-resistance to nereistoxin (monosultap, thiocyclam, and cartap), chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, and malathion but no cross-resistance to buprofezin, imidacloprid, and fipronil. To find out the biochemical mechanism of resistance to bisultap, biochemical assay was done. The results showed that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450) activity in R strain was 2.71-fold that in susceptible strain (S strain), in which the changed activity for general esterase (EST) was 1.91 and for glutathione S-transferases only 1.32. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) could significantly inhibit P450 activity (percentage of inhibition [PI]: 37.31%) in the R strain, with ESTs PI = 16.04% by triphenyl phosphate (TPP). The results also demonstrated that diethyl maleate had no synergism with bisultap. However, PBO displayed significant synergism in three different strains, and the synergism increased with resistance (S strain 1.42, Lab strain, 2.24 and R strain, 3.23). TPP also showed synergism for three strains, especially in R strain (synergistic ratio = 2.47). An in vitro biochemical study and in vivo synergistic study indicated that P450 might be play important role in the biochemical mechanism of bisultap resistance and that esterase might be the important factor of bisultap resistance. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) insensitivity play important role in bisultap resistance. We suggest that buprofezin, imidacloprid, and fipronil could be used in resistance management programs for N. lugens via alternation and rotation with bisultap.
褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens（Stål）对双硫磷的抗性选育品系对双硫磷表现出 7.7 倍的抗性，并且对硝虫硫磷（单硫磷、噻虫环胺和杀扑磷）、毒死蜱、乐果和马拉硫磷具有交叉抗性，但对吡虫啉、氯噻啉和氟虫腈没有交叉抗性。为了找出对双硫磷抗性的生化机制，进行了生化测定。结果表明，R 品系细胞色素 P450 单加氧酶（P450）活性比敏感品系（S 品系）高 2.71 倍，其中变化的酯酶（EST）活性为 1.91，谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶仅为 1.32。增效醚（PBO）可显著抑制 R 品系 P450 活性（抑制率 [PI]：37.31%），三苯基磷酸盐（TPP）对 ESTs 的 PI 为 16.04%。结果还表明，顺丁烯二酸二乙酯（diethyl maleate）与双硫磷无增效作用。然而，PBO 在三种不同品系中均表现出显著的增效作用，增效作用随抗性增加而增加（S 品系 1.42、实验室品系 2.24 和 R 品系 3.23）。TPP 对三种品系也表现出增效作用，特别是在 R 品系中（增效比 = 2.47）。体外生化研究和体内增效研究表明，P450 可能在双硫磷抗性的生化机制中发挥重要作用，酯酶可能是双硫磷抗性的重要因素。乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）不敏感在双硫磷抗性中起重要作用。我们建议通过与双硫磷交替和轮换使用，吡虫啉、氯噻啉和氟虫腈可用于褐飞虱的抗药性管理计划。
