Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
PLoS One. 2011 Mar 8;6(3):e14735. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014735.
Worldwide, finfish fisheries are receiving increasing assessment and regulation, slowly leading to more sustainable exploitation and rebuilding. In their wake, invertebrate fisheries are rapidly expanding with little scientific scrutiny despite increasing socio-economic importance.
We provide the first global evaluation of the trends, drivers, and population and ecosystem consequences of invertebrate fisheries based on a global catch database in combination with taxa-specific reviews. We also develop new methodologies to quantify temporal and spatial trends in resource status and fishery development. Since 1950, global invertebrate catches have increased 6-fold with 1.5 times more countries fishing and double the taxa reported. By 2004, 34% of invertebrate fisheries were over-exploited, collapsed, or closed. New fisheries have developed increasingly rapidly, with a decrease of 6 years (3 years) in time to peak from the 1950s to 1990s. Moreover, some fisheries have expanded further and further away from their driving market, encompassing a global fishery by the 1990s. 71% of taxa (53% of catches) are harvested with habitat-destructive gear, and many provide important ecosystem functions including habitat, filtration, and grazing.
Our findings suggest that invertebrate species, which form an important component of the basis of marine food webs, are increasingly exploited with limited stock and ecosystem-impact assessments, and enhanced management attention is needed to avoid negative consequences for ocean ecosystems and human well-being.
在全球范围内，鱼类渔业正受到越来越多的评估和监管，这正在慢慢促使其向更可持续的捕捞和恢复方向发展。在鱼类渔业之后，无脊椎动物渔业也在迅速扩张，但几乎没有受到科学审查，尽管其社会经济重要性日益增加。
我们基于全球捕捞数据库并结合特定类别的综述，首次对无脊椎动物渔业的趋势、驱动因素以及对种群和生态系统的影响进行了全球性评估。我们还开发了新的方法来量化资源状况和渔业发展的时间和空间趋势。自 1950 年以来，全球无脊椎动物捕捞量增加了 6 倍，捕捞国家增加了 1.5 倍，报告的物种也增加了 1.5 倍。到 2004 年，34%的无脊椎动物渔业已经过度开发、崩溃或关闭。新的渔业发展得越来越快，从 20 世纪 50 年代到 90 年代，达到峰值的时间减少了 6 年（3 年）。此外，一些渔业已经进一步远离其驱动市场，到 20 世纪 90 年代已经形成了全球性渔业。71%的类群（53%的渔获物）是用破坏栖息地的渔具捕捞的，其中许多类群提供了重要的生态系统功能，包括栖息地、过滤和放牧。
我们的研究结果表明，无脊椎动物物种作为海洋食物网的重要组成部分，其捕捞量正在逐渐增加，但对其种群和生态系统影响的评估有限，需要加强管理关注，以避免对海洋生态系统和人类福祉产生负面影响。
