Modéer T, Barr M, Dahllöf G
Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
Scand J Dent Res. 1990 Jun;98(3):228-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1990.tb00966.x.
The occurrence of supra- and subgingival calculus, gingival inflammation, periodontal pockets (greater than or equal to 5 mm) and alveolar bone loss was determined in children (10-19 yr) with Down's syndrome (D-S) and in an aged- and sex-matched control group (n = 39). Of D-S children (n = 71), 39 of the patients (mean age 15.5 yr) cooperated in a clinical and roentgenologic examination. Alveolar bone loss was determined around incisors and first molars on intraoral radiographs when the distance between cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to alveolar crest (AC) exceeded 2.0 mm. Alveolar bone loss was diagnosed in 39% of the D-S children compared to 3% in the control group (P less than 0.001). Of the total number of sites examined on radiographs the distance from CEJ to AC exceeded 2.0 mm in 8% in the D-S group compared to 0.2% in the control group (P less than 0.001). The frequency of sites with alveolar bone loss in D-S children was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher around the mandibular incisors compared to first molars. The study shows that early signs of periodontitis are frequently seen in D-S children as early as 11 yr of age and the lesions are first diagnosed in the mandibular anterior region.
在患有唐氏综合征（D-S）的儿童（10至19岁）以及年龄和性别匹配的对照组（n = 39）中，确定了龈上和龈下牙石、牙龈炎症、牙周袋（大于或等于5毫米）以及牙槽骨丧失的发生情况。在71名D-S儿童中，39名患者（平均年龄15.5岁）配合进行了临床和放射学检查。当牙骨质釉质界（CEJ）至牙槽嵴（AC）的距离超过2.0毫米时，通过口腔内X光片确定切牙和第一磨牙周围的牙槽骨丧失情况。39%的D-S儿童被诊断出有牙槽骨丧失，而对照组为3%（P < 0.001）。在X光片检查的所有部位中，D-S组中CEJ至AC的距离超过2.0毫米的部位占8%，而对照组为0.2%（P < 0.001）。与第一磨牙相比，D-S儿童下颌切牙周围牙槽骨丧失部位的频率显著更高（P < 0.001）。该研究表明，牙周炎的早期迹象在D-S儿童中早在11岁时就经常出现，且病变首先在下颌前部区域被诊断出来。
