Department of Interventional Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2011 Aug;34(4):691-704. doi: 10.1007/s00270-011-0123-0. Epub 2011 Mar 16.
The Mulliken and Glowacki classification (1982) differentiated vascular anomalies into two groups based on their endothelial characteristics: hemangiomas and vascular malformations. Vascular anomalies are localized defects of the vasculature that affect a limited number of vessels in a restricted area of the body. These defects are secondary to errors in vascular morphogenesis. Depending on the type of vessel involved, the vascular malformation group was subdivided into high-flow (such as arteriovenous malformation and arteriovenous fistula) and low-flow lesions (such as venous and lymphatic malformations). Depending on the type of lesion, the location and degree of involvement and the clinical effect, different types of treatment would be required. For the purpose of this review, we concentrate solely on vascular malformations: the clinical features, genetics, diagnosis, and current treatment options.
Mulliken 和 Glowacki 分类法（1982 年）根据其内皮特征将血管异常分为两类：血管瘤和血管畸形。血管异常是血管的局部缺陷，影响身体有限区域的少数血管。这些缺陷是血管形态发生错误的结果。根据所涉及的血管类型，血管畸形组进一步分为高流量（如动静脉畸形和动静脉瘘）和低流量病变（如静脉和淋巴管畸形）。根据病变类型、位置和受累程度以及临床效果，需要采用不同类型的治疗方法。为了进行本综述，我们仅专注于血管畸形：临床特征、遗传学、诊断和当前的治疗选择。
