身体活动干预与儿童心理功能：介绍与概述。
Physical activity interventions and children's mental function: an introduction and overview.
机构信息
Department of Kinesiology at the University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
出版信息
Prev Med. 2011 Jun;52 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.028. Epub 2011 Mar 21.
BACKGROUND
This review provides a historical overview of physical activity interventions designed by American educators and an evaluation of research that has assessed the effects of exercise on children's mental function.
METHOD
Historical descriptions of the emergence of American physical education doctrine throughout the 20th century were evaluated. Prior reviews of studies that assessed the effects of single acute bouts of exercise and the effects of chronic exercise training on children's mental function were examined and the results of recent studies were summarized.
RESULTS
Physical activity interventions designed for American children have reflected two competing views: activities should promote physical fitness and activities should promote social, emotional, and intellectual development. Research results indicate that exercise fosters the emergence of children's mental function; particularly executive functioning. The route by which physical activity impacts mental functioning is complex and is likely moderated by several variables, including physical fitness level, health status, and numerous psycho-social factors.
CONCLUSION
Physical activity interventions for children should be designed to meet multiple objectives; e.g., optimize physical fitness, promote health-related behaviors that offset obesity, and facilitate mental development.
背景
本综述提供了由美国教育工作者设计的身体活动干预措施的历史概述，并评估了评估运动对儿童心理功能影响的研究。
方法
评估了 20 世纪美国体育教育学说的出现的历史描述。检查了评估单次急性运动和慢性运动训练对儿童心理功能影响的研究的先前综述，并总结了最近研究的结果。
结果
为美国儿童设计的身体活动干预措施反映了两种相互竞争的观点：活动应促进身体健康，活动应促进社会、情感和智力发展。研究结果表明，运动促进了儿童心理功能的出现；特别是执行功能。身体活动影响心理功能的途径很复杂，可能受到多种变量的调节，包括身体健康水平、健康状况和许多心理社会因素。
结论
应为儿童设计身体活动干预措施，以实现多个目标；例如，优化身体健康，促进抵消肥胖的健康相关行为，并促进心理发展。
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