van Mierlo Joël T, van Cleef Koen W R, van Rij Ronald P
Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Methods Mol Biol. 2011;721:3-22. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-037-9_1.
RNA interference (RNAi) is an important pathway to combat virus infections in insects and plants. Hallmarks of antiviral RNAi in these organisms are: (1) an increase in virus replication after inactivation of major actors in the RNAi pathway, (2) production of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (v-siRNAs), and (3) suppression of RNAi by dedicated viral proteins. In this chapter, we will review the mechanism of RNAi in insects, its function as an antiviral immune system, viral small RNA profiles, and viral counterdefense strategies. We will also consider alternative, inducible antiviral immune responses.
RNA干扰（RNAi）是昆虫和植物对抗病毒感染的重要途径。这些生物体中抗病毒RNAi的特征包括：（1）RNAi途径中的主要作用因子失活后病毒复制增加；（2）产生病毒衍生的小干扰RNA（v-siRNA）；（3）特定病毒蛋白对RNAi的抑制作用。在本章中，我们将综述昆虫中RNAi的机制、其作为抗病毒免疫系统的功能、病毒小RNA图谱以及病毒的防御策略。我们还将探讨其他可诱导的抗病毒免疫反应。
