Aschoff R, Kempter W, Meurer M
Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts des Freistaates Sachsen, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Deutschland.
Hautarzt. 2011 Apr;62(4):297-307. doi: 10.1007/s00105-010-2119-0.
Seborrheic dermatitis is a frequent skin disorder in infancy and adulthood. It also often occurs in patients with HIV or neurologic disorders like Parkinson disease or mood disorders. It is characterized by greasy, yellow flakes or scales in areas of high sebaceous gland activity like the scalp, face, chest and upper back. Additionally, erythema and itching can be present. The etiology and pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis is unknown; however, the focus lies on the involvement of Malassezia yeasts or fatty acid metabolites of Malassezia, on hormones and immunologic factors. The diagnosis is usually a clinical one, based on history and the appearance and site of lesions. The therapy consists mainly of antifungal agents, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and keratolytics. Because of the chronicity of the illness with frequent relapses, a treatment strategy in which effectiveness and potential side effects are weighed should be used.
脂溢性皮炎是婴幼儿及成人常见的皮肤疾病。它也常发生于感染HIV的患者或患有帕金森病或情绪障碍等神经系统疾病的患者中。其特征为皮脂腺活动旺盛部位（如头皮、面部、胸部和上背部）出现油腻的黄色鳞屑或痂皮。此外，还可能伴有红斑和瘙痒。脂溢性皮炎的病因和发病机制尚不清楚；然而，重点在于马拉色菌酵母或马拉色菌的脂肪酸代谢产物、激素及免疫因素的参与。诊断通常基于病史、皮损外观及部位进行临床诊断。治疗主要包括抗真菌药、皮质类固醇、免疫调节剂和角质剥脱剂。由于该病具有慢性病程且频繁复发，应采用权衡疗效和潜在副作用的治疗策略。
