Sontag Thomas A, Tucha Oliver, Walitza Susanne, Lange Klaus W
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Germany.
Atten Defic Hyperact Disord. 2010 Mar;2(1):1-20. doi: 10.1007/s12402-010-0019-x. Epub 2010 Jan 29.
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves clinically heterogeneous problems including attention deficits, behavioural hyperactivity and impulsivity. Several animal models of ADHD have been proposed, ranging from models with neurotoxic lesions to genetically manipulated animals. An ADHD model is supposed to show phenomenological similarities with the disorder, i.e. it should mimic the three core symptoms (face validity). A model should also conform to an established or hypothesized pathophysiological basis of the disorder (construct validity). Finally, an animal model should be able to predict previously unknown aspects of the neurobiology of ADHD or to provide potential new treatments (predictive validity). The currently proposed models are heterogeneous with regard to their pathophysiological alterations and their ability to mimic behavioural symptoms and to predict response to medication. This might reflect the heterogeneous nature of ADHD. Since the knowledge about the biology of ADHD from human studies is limited, one cannot at present decide which model best represents ADHD or certain ADHD subtypes. Animal models with good face and predictive validity may be useful for investigations of the underlying biological substrates of ADHD. At present, the models in use should be described as animal models of ADHD-like symptoms rather than models of ADHD.
注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）涉及临床上异质性的问题，包括注意力缺陷、行为多动和冲动。已经提出了几种ADHD动物模型，从具有神经毒性损伤的模型到基因操纵动物模型。一个ADHD模型应该在现象学上与该疾病相似，即它应该模拟三个核心症状（表面效度）。一个模型还应该符合该疾病已确立或假设的病理生理学基础（结构效度）。最后，一个动物模型应该能够预测ADHD神经生物学中以前未知的方面或提供潜在的新治疗方法（预测效度）。目前提出的模型在其病理生理学改变以及模拟行为症状和预测药物反应的能力方面是异质性的。这可能反映了ADHD的异质性本质。由于来自人类研究的关于ADHD生物学的知识有限，目前无法确定哪种模型最能代表ADHD或某些ADHD亚型。具有良好表面效度和预测效度的动物模型可能有助于对ADHD潜在生物学底物的研究。目前，所使用的模型应被描述为ADHD样症状的动物模型，而不是ADHD模型。
