Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Neuron. 2011 Mar 24;69(6):1046-60. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.002.
The primary cilium is a cellular organelle that is almost ubiquitous in eukaryotes, yet its functions in vertebrates have been slow to emerge. The last fifteen years have been marked by accelerating insight into the biology of primary cilia, arising from the synergy of three major lines of research. These research programs describe a specialized mode of protein trafficking in cilia, reveal that genetic disruptions of primary cilia cause complex human disease syndromes, and establish that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signal transduction requires the primary cilium. New lines of research have branched off to investigate the role of primary cilia in neuronal signaling, adult neurogenesis, and brain tumor formation. We review a fast expanding literature to determine what we now know about the primary cilium in the developing and adult CNS and what new directions should lead to further clarity.
纤毛是真核生物中几乎普遍存在的一种细胞细胞器，但它在脊椎动物中的功能却迟迟没有显现。在过去的十五年中，随着三种主要研究途径的协同作用，人们对纤毛的生物学有了加速的了解。这些研究计划描述了纤毛中一种特殊的蛋白质运输模式，揭示了原发性纤毛的遗传缺陷会导致复杂的人类疾病综合征，并证实了 Sonic hedgehog (Shh) 信号转导需要原发性纤毛。新的研究路线已经分支出来，以研究原发性纤毛在神经元信号转导、成年神经发生和脑肿瘤形成中的作用。我们回顾了快速扩展的文献，以确定我们现在对发育中和成年中枢神经系统中的原发性纤毛有哪些了解，以及哪些新方向应该会有更清晰的认识。
