Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011 Jul;111(1):311-20. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00033.2011. Epub 2011 Mar 24.
Physical activity, exercise training, and fitness are associated with decreased cardiovascular risk. In the context that a risk factor "gap" exists in the explanation for the beneficial effects of exercise on cardiovascular disease, it has recently been proposed that exercise generates hemodynamic stimuli which exert direct effects on the vasculature that are antiatherogenic. In this review we briefly introduce some of the in vitro and in vivo evidence relating exercise hemodynamic modulation and vascular adaptation. In vitro data clearly demonstrate the importance of shear stress as a potential mechanism underlying vascular adaptations associated with exercise. Supporting this is in vivo human data demonstrating that exercise-mediated shear stress induces localized impacts on arterial function and diameter. Emerging evidence suggests that exercise-related changes in hemodynamic stimuli other than shear stress may also be associated with arterial remodeling. Taken together, in vitro and in vivo data strongly imply that hemodynamic influences combine to orchestrate a response to exercise and training that regulates wall stress and peripheral vascular resistance and contributes to the antiatherogenic impacts of physical activity, fitness, and training.
身体活动、运动训练和健康与心血管风险降低有关。在运动对心血管疾病有益影响的解释中存在风险因素“差距”的情况下，最近有人提出，运动产生的血流动力学刺激对血管产生直接的抗动脉粥样硬化作用。在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了一些与运动血流动力学调节和血管适应相关的体外和体内证据。体外数据清楚地表明，切应力作为与运动相关的血管适应的潜在机制非常重要。这方面有支持性的体内人类数据表明，运动介导的切应力会对动脉功能和直径产生局部影响。新出现的证据表明，除切应力外，与血流动力学刺激相关的其他因素的变化也可能与动脉重塑有关。总的来说，体外和体内数据强烈暗示，血流动力学的影响共同协调对运动和训练的反应，调节壁应力和外周血管阻力，并有助于身体活动、健康和训练的抗动脉粥样硬化作用。
