The Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA.
J Asthma Allergy. 2009 Oct 22;2:93-103. doi: 10.2147/jaa.s7321.
Exercise-induced asthma/exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIA/EIB) is a prevalent and clinically important disease affecting young children through older adulthood. These terms are often used interchangeably and the differences are not clearly defined in the literature. The pathogenesis of EIA/EIB may be different in those with persistent asthma compared to those with exercise-induced symptoms only. The natural history of EIA is unclear and may be different for elite athletes. Leukotriene biology has helped the understanding of EIB. The type and intensity of exercise are important factors for EIB. Exercise participation is necessary for proper development and control of EIA is recommended. Symptoms of EIB should be confirmed by proper testing. Biologic markers may also be helpful in diagnosis. Not all exercise symptoms are from EIB. Many medication and nonpharmacologic treatments are available. Asthma education is an important component of managing EIA. Many medications have been tested and the comparisons are complicated. Montelukast is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved asthma and EIB controller and has a number of potential advantages to other asthma medications including short onset of action, ease of use, and lack of tolerance. Not all patients improve with montelukast and rescue medication should be available.
运动诱发性哮喘/运动诱发性支气管痉挛（EIA/EIB）是一种普遍且在临床上很重要的疾病，可影响从儿童到成年期各个年龄段的人群。这两个术语经常互换使用，文献中并没有对其进行明确界定。EIA/EIB 的发病机制在持续性哮喘患者与仅因运动引起症状的患者之间可能不同。EIA 的自然病程尚不清楚，对精英运动员来说可能有所不同。白三烯生物学有助于理解 EIB。运动的类型和强度是 EIB 的重要因素。运动参与对于 EIA 的适当发展是必要的，建议对其进行控制。EIB 的症状应通过适当的测试来确认。生物标志物也可能有助于诊断。并非所有运动症状都源于 EIB。有许多药物和非药物治疗方法。哮喘教育是管理 EIA 的重要组成部分。已经对许多药物进行了测试，但是它们之间的比较很复杂。孟鲁司特已获得美国食品药品监督管理局批准，是一种用于治疗哮喘和 EIB 的控制药物，与其他哮喘药物相比具有许多潜在优势，包括起效迅速、使用方便、无耐药性等。并非所有患者使用孟鲁司特后都能得到改善，因此应备有急救药物。
