Sports Medicine of Iowa, Iowa Health-Des Moines, Urbandale, Iowa.
Sports Health. 2010 Jul;2(4):311-7. doi: 10.1177/1941738110373735.
Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is a phenomenon of airway narrowing that occurs during or after exercise or physical exertion. This condition has been reported in a range of sporting activities but is most common in participants of cold-weather sports (eg, Nordic skiing) and indoor sports (eg, ice-skating and swimming). Traditionally, the terms exercise induced-asthma (EIA) and EIB have been used interchangeably; however, more recent evidence suggests that these entities are separate and should be described as such, given that their treatments differ.
Literature from 2000 to 2010 was obtained through searches of PubMed, Medline, and Google, with the keywords exercise-induced asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm, asthma and athlete, and asthma and sport and with an emphasis on the current literature (last 3 to 4 years).
Although the current literature suggests a differentiation between EIA and EIB, this differentiation is not always clear, and the terms are still often used interchangeably. This lack of distinction makes it difficult to draw conclusions on optimal diagnosis and treatment of EIB.
EIB is prevalent in elite-level athletes, with certain groups being at increased risk. Diagnostic testing should be used when possible, given that recent studies suggest poor correlation between symptoms and testing. The mainstay of treatment remains the use of short-acting β-adrenergic agonists.
运动诱发的支气管痉挛（EIB）是一种气道狭窄的现象，发生在运动或体力活动期间或之后。这种情况在各种运动中都有报道，但在寒冷天气运动（如北欧滑雪）和室内运动（如滑冰和游泳）的参与者中最为常见。传统上，术语“运动诱发的哮喘（EIA）”和“EIB”可互换使用；然而，最近的证据表明，这些实体是分开的，应该这样描述，因为它们的治疗方法不同。
通过在 PubMed、Medline 和 Google 上搜索 2000 年至 2010 年的文献，使用了“运动诱发的哮喘”、“运动诱发的支气管痉挛”、“哮喘和运动员”以及“哮喘和运动”等关键词，并重点关注了最近 3 到 4 年的文献。
尽管目前的文献表明 EIA 和 EIB 之间存在区别，但这种区别并不总是很清楚，而且这些术语仍然经常互换使用。这种区别的缺乏使得难以得出关于 EIB 的最佳诊断和治疗的结论。
EIB 在精英运动员中很常见，某些群体的风险增加。应尽可能使用诊断测试，因为最近的研究表明症状与测试之间相关性较差。治疗的主要方法仍然是使用短效β-肾上腺素能激动剂。
