通过多倍体银鲫雄核发育形成的一种新型核质杂种克隆。
A novel nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid clone formed via androgenesis in polyploid gibel carp.
作者信息
Wang Zhong-Wei, Zhu Hua-Ping, Wang Da, Jiang Fang-Fang, Guo Wei, Zhou Li, Gui Jian-Fang
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
出版信息
BMC Res Notes. 2011 Mar 28;4:82. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-82.
BACKGROUND
Unisexual vertebrates have been demonstrated to reproduce by gynogenesis, hybridogenesis, parthenogenesis, or kleptogenesis, however, it is uncertain how the reproduction mode contributes to the clonal diversity. Recently, polyploid gibel carp has been revealed to possess coexisting dual modes of unisexual gynogenesis and sexual reproduction and to have numerous various clones. Using sexual reproduction mating between clone D female and clone A male and subsequent 7 generation multiplying of unisexual gynogenesis, we have created a novel clone strain with more than several hundred millions of individuals. Here, we attempt to identify genetic background of the novel clone and to explore the significant implication for clonal diversity contribution.
METHODS
Several nuclear genome markers and one cytoplasmic marker, the mitochondrial genome sequence, were used to identify the genetic organization of the randomly sampled individuals from different generations of the novel clone.
RESULTS
Chromosome number, Cot-1 repetitive DNA banded karyotype, microsatellite patterns, AFLP profiles and transferrin alleles uniformly indicated that nuclear genome of the novel clone is identical to that of clone A, and significantly different from that of clone D. However, the cytoplasmic marker, its complete mtDNA genome sequence, is same to that of clone D, and different from that of clone A.
CONCLUSIONS
The present data indicate that the novel clone is a nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid between the known clones A and D, because it originates from the offspring of gonochoristic sexual reproduction mating between clone D female and clone A male, and contains an entire nuclear genome from the paternal clone A and a mtDNA genome (cytoplasm) from the maternal clone D. It is suggested to arise via androgenesis by a mechanism of ploidy doubling of clone A sperm in clone D ooplasm through inhibiting the first mitotic division. Significantly, the selected nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid female still maintains its gynogenetic ability. Based on the present and previous findings, we discuss the association of rapid genetic changes and high genetic diversity with various ploidy levels and multiple reproduction modes in several unisexual and sexual complexes of vertebrates and even other invertebrates.
背景
单性脊椎动物已被证明可通过雌核发育、杂种发育、孤雌生殖或盗窃生殖进行繁殖，然而，尚不确定繁殖模式如何促成克隆多样性。最近，已揭示出多倍体银鲫具有单性雌核发育和有性生殖共存的双重模式，并且拥有众多不同的克隆。通过克隆D雌性与克隆A雄性之间的有性生殖交配以及随后七代的单性雌核发育繁殖，我们创建了一个拥有数亿个体的新型克隆品系。在此，我们试图鉴定该新型克隆的遗传背景，并探究其对克隆多样性贡献的重要意义。
方法
使用几种核基因组标记和一种细胞质标记（线粒体基因组序列）来鉴定来自新型克隆不同世代的随机抽样个体的遗传组织。
结果
染色体数目、Cot-1重复DNA带型核型、微卫星模式、AFLP图谱和转铁蛋白等位基因均一致表明，新型克隆的核基因组与克隆A的核基因组相同，与克隆D的核基因组显著不同。然而，细胞质标记，即其完整的线粒体DNA基因组序列，与克隆D的相同，与克隆A的不同。
结论
目前的数据表明，该新型克隆是已知克隆A和D之间的核质杂种，因为它源自克隆D雌性与克隆A雄性之间的雌雄异体有性生殖交配的后代，并且包含来自父本克隆A的完整核基因组和来自母本克隆D的线粒体DNA基因组（细胞质）。它被认为是通过抑制第一次有丝分裂，使克隆A精子在克隆D卵细胞质中发生倍性加倍的雄核发育机制产生。值得注意的是，所选的核质杂种雌性仍保持其雌核发育能力。基于目前和先前的研究结果，我们讨论了脊椎动物甚至其他无脊椎动物的几种单性和有性复合体中快速遗传变化和高遗传多样性与各种倍性水平和多种繁殖模式之间的关联。
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