Melendo S, Vilca L M, Albero I, Larrosa N, de Arquer M, Campins M
Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
An Pediatr (Barc). 2011 Jul;75(1):21-5. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2011.02.006. Epub 2011 Mar 24.
Isolation is one of the measures to prevent the spread of nosocomial infections. However, in children's hospitals, given the type of patients and infections, and the architectural features of hospital wards, isolation precautions are sometimes difficult to implement and enforce.
An observational, descriptive study was conducted on the isolation precautions taken at the Children's Hospital Vall d'Hebron in Barcelona, from January to December, 2007. The isolation precautions applied were those of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from the USA, and those of the Department of Health of the Generalitat de Cataluña.
Of the patients admitted during the study period, 5.4% needed isolation. The General Paediatrics ward generated the highest number of isolations (10.7%). The most frequently microorganisms needing isolation precautions were respiratory syncytial virus and rotavirus. Contact precautions was the type of isolation most applied (90% of isolations). The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and the Paediatric Oncology and Haematology Service were the areas with a greater number of patients isolated due to infection or colonization by multiresistant bacteria (48% and 67% of the isolations, respectively).
The implementation of a surveillance and infection control program is essential to reduce the rate of hospital-acquired infections. Knowledge of the frequency of isolated patients at each centre and the availability of resources for the correct application of isolation precautions are fundamental for these goals to be achieved.
隔离是预防医院感染传播的措施之一。然而，在儿童医院，鉴于患者类型和感染情况以及医院病房的建筑特点，隔离预防措施有时难以实施和执行。
2007年1月至12月，对巴塞罗那瓦尔德希伯伦儿童医院采取的隔离预防措施进行了一项观察性描述性研究。所应用的隔离预防措施是美国疾病控制与预防中心以及加泰罗尼亚自治区卫生部的措施。
在研究期间入院的患者中，5.4%需要隔离。普通儿科病房产生的隔离病例数最多（10.7%）。最常需要采取隔离预防措施的微生物是呼吸道合胞病毒和轮状病毒。接触预防是应用最广泛的隔离类型（90%的隔离病例）。新生儿重症监护病房以及儿科肿瘤与血液科是因多重耐药菌感染或定植而隔离患者数量较多的区域（分别占隔离病例的48%和67%）。
实施监测和感染控制计划对于降低医院获得性感染率至关重要。了解每个中心隔离患者的频率以及正确应用隔离预防措施的资源可用性是实现这些目标的基础。
