Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Jun 15;190(1-3):69-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.02.068. Epub 2011 Feb 26.
Several studies have reported increased skin lesions in betel quid (a mixture of Piper betel leaves, areca nut, tobacco/flavoured tobacco, lime) chewers compared to non-chewers, exposed to arsenic (As) contaminated drinking water in Bangladesh and India. The current study has determined As, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) levels of betel quids and its components using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The highest concentrations of As were found in slaked lime (4.56 mg kg(-1)) followed by Piper betel leaves (0.406 mg kg(-1)) and flavoured tobacco (zarda) (0.285 mg kg(-1)), with a mean concentrations of As in betel quids of 0.035 mg kg(-1) (SD 0.02 mg kg(-1)). Mean concentrations of Cd and Pb in ordinary quids were 0.028 (SD 0.07 mg kg(-1)) and 0.423 (SD 1.4 mg kg(-1)), respectively. We estimated that a daily intake of 6 betel quids could contribute 1.2, 1.9 and 8.5% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMDTI) for As, Cd and Pb, respectively. Since betel quid chewing is most prevalent among women, our finding raises concern that women chewers - especially pregnant chewers - may be harming their health and that of their unborn babies through increased exposure to a mixture of toxic elements (As, Cd and Pb).
一些研究报告指出，与不咀嚼槟榔的人相比，在孟加拉国和印度，咀嚼槟榔（由槟榔叶、槟榔果、烟草/调味烟草、石灰混合而成）的人皮肤损伤增加，他们暴露于砷（As）污染的饮用水中。本研究采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定了槟榔及其成分中的砷（As）、镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）含量。结果表明，熟石灰（4.56mg/kg）中的砷含量最高，其次是槟榔叶（0.406mg/kg）和调味烟草（zarda）（0.285mg/kg），槟榔中的砷含量平均值为 0.035mg/kg（SD 0.02mg/kg）。普通槟榔中的镉和铅含量平均值分别为 0.028（SD 0.07mg/kg）和 0.423（SD 1.4mg/kg）。我们估计，每天咀嚼 6 颗槟榔，可能会分别贡献暂定最大耐受日摄入量（PMDTI）的 1.2%、1.9%和 8.5%的砷、镉和铅。由于咀嚼槟榔在女性中最为普遍，我们的发现引起了人们的关注，即咀嚼槟榔的女性——尤其是孕妇——可能会通过接触混合有毒元素（砷、镉和铅）而损害自己和未出生婴儿的健康。
