Kapdan E, Varinlioglu A, Karahan G
Cekmece Nuclear Researches and Training Center, Altinsehir Yolu, 5 km, Halkali, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2012 Feb;148(3):301-9. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncr038. Epub 2011 Mar 26.
External irradiation from radionuclides naturally present in the environment or released from man-made practices or events is usually an important component of the exposure of human populations. These exposures derive primarily from gamma radiation arising from the decay of these radionuclides at locations outside the human body. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the radioactivity levels and health risks due to terrestrial radionuclides in the soil of Balikesir, one of the largest cities of the country, northwestern Turkey. For this purpose, activity concentrations of radionuclides in soil and outdoor gamma dose rates (terrestrial and cosmic) have been investigated in the city of Balikesir. In addition, maps for the radionuclide activity concentrations of soil and the outdoor gamma dose rate distributions have been plotted for the region. The average activities of radionuclides, (238)U, (232)Th, (40)K, (235)U and (137)Cs in the soil were determined to be 37.6 ± 10.8, 54.7 ± 15.1, 674.5 ± 203.2, 3.6 ± 1.6, 3.4 ± 2.2 Bq kg(-1), respectively, in the region. The average outdoor gamma dose rates due to terrestrial and cosmic radiations were found to be 78.5 ± 12.4 and 48.9 ± 5.8 nGy h(-1) with the total of 127.4 ± 18.9 nGy h(-1) in the region. Annual effective dose due to environmental outdoor gamma radiation exposures was determined to be 156.3 nSv. The mean estimated cancer risk values were found to be 0.063 × 10(-2) for the region using risk factors of ICRP 103. The results of the study were discussed with the studies done in other cities of Turkey and the worldwide averages.
环境中天然存在的或因人为活动或事件释放的放射性核素的外照射通常是人群暴露的一个重要组成部分。这些照射主要源于这些放射性核素在人体外位置衰变产生的伽马辐射。本研究的主要目的是评估土耳其西北部该国最大城市之一巴勒克埃西尔土壤中陆地放射性核素的放射性水平和健康风险。为此，对巴勒克埃西尔市土壤中放射性核素的活度浓度以及室外伽马剂量率（陆地和宇宙）进行了调查。此外，还绘制了该地区土壤放射性核素活度浓度和室外伽马剂量率分布的地图。该地区土壤中放射性核素（238）U、（232）Th、（40）K、（235）U和（137）Cs的平均活度分别测定为37.6±10.8、54.7±15.1、674.5±203.2、3.6±1.6、3.4±2.2 Bq kg-1。该地区陆地和宇宙辐射导致的平均室外伽马剂量率分别为78.5±12.4和48.9±5.8 nGy h-1，总计为127.4±18.9 nGy h-1。环境室外伽马辐射暴露导致的年有效剂量测定为156.3 nSv。使用国际辐射防护委员会第103号出版物的风险系数，该地区的平均估计癌症风险值为0.063×10-2。本研究结果与土耳其其他城市的研究以及全球平均值进行了讨论。
