Moore S A, Moore M, Klentrou P, Sullivan P, Falk B
Department of Physical Eduction and Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2010 Dec;50(4):486-93.
Early-maturing individuals may be at an advantage in some sports. The purpose of this study was to compare maturity status between competitive male child (10-12 years old) and adolescent (14-16 years old) athletes and minimally-active, age-matched controls.
In total, 224 males were included in the study. Children (n=115) included minimally-active boys (n=34), soccer players (n=26), gymnasts (n=25) and hockey players (n=30). Adolescents (n=109) included minimally-active adolescents (n=31), soccer players (n=30), gymnasts (n=17) and hockey players (n=31). Sexual maturity was assessed using secondary sex characteristics and salivary testosterone concentration (sT). Skeletal age was also assessed, using quantitative ultrasound (Sunlight BonAgeTM).
Within each age group, no differences were observed between sport groups in chronological age, sT or pubertal age. In children, hockey players were more skeletally mature (12.43±1.36 years) than all other groups (11.0±1.0; 11.6±1.4 and 11.7±1.4 years for soccer, gymnasts and controls, respectively). In adolescents, hockey players and gymnasts had higher skeletal maturity (16.8±1.5 and 16.9±1.6 years, respectively; P<0.05) than controls (15.99±1.13 years).
While sexual and hormonal maturity does not appear to differ between similar-aged athletes of different sports, the results suggest greater skeletal maturity in hockey players, even before puberty.
早熟个体在某些运动项目中可能具有优势。本研究旨在比较竞技男童（10 - 12岁）和青少年（14 - 16岁）运动员与极少运动、年龄匹配的对照组之间的成熟状态。
本研究共纳入224名男性。儿童组（n = 115）包括极少运动的男孩（n = 34）、足球运动员（n = 26）、体操运动员（n = 25）和曲棍球运动员（n = 30）。青少年组（n = 109）包括极少运动的青少年（n = 31）、足球运动员（n = 30）、体操运动员（n = 17）和曲棍球运动员（n = 31）。使用第二性征和唾液睾酮浓度（sT）评估性成熟度。还使用定量超声（Sunlight BonAgeTM）评估骨龄。
在每个年龄组内，各运动组之间在实足年龄、sT或青春期年龄方面未观察到差异。在儿童中，曲棍球运动员的骨龄（12.43±1.36岁）比所有其他组（足球运动员、体操运动员和对照组分别为11.0±1.0岁、11.6±1.4岁和11.7±1.4岁）更成熟。在青少年中，曲棍球运动员和体操运动员的骨龄（分别为16.8±1.5岁和16.9±1.6岁；P<0.05）高于对照组（15.99±1.13岁）。
虽然不同运动项目中年龄相仿的运动员在性成熟和激素成熟方面似乎没有差异，但结果表明曲棍球运动员的骨龄成熟度更高，甚至在青春期前也是如此。
