Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Neuropsychology. 2011 May;25(3):333-41. doi: 10.1037/a0022167.
To investigate the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive variability in preadolescent children.
Forty-eight preadolescent children (25 males, 23 females, mean age = 10.1 years) were grouped into higher- and lower-fit groups according to their performance on a test of aerobic capacity (VO2max). Cognitive function was measured via behavioral responses to a modified flanker task. The distribution in reaction time was calculated within each participant to assess intraindividual variability of performance. Specifically, the standard deviation and coefficient variation of reaction time were used to represent cognitive variability.
Preadolescent children, regardless of fitness, exhibited longer reaction time, increased response variability, and decreased response accuracy to incongruent compared to congruent trials. Further, higher-fit children were less variable in their response time and more accurate in their responses across conditions of the flanker task, while no group differences were observed for response speed.
These findings suggest that fitness is associated with better cognitive performance during a task that varies cognitive control demands, and extends this area of research to suggest that intraindividual variability may be a useful measure to examine the relationship between fitness and cognition during preadolescence.
探讨青少年前儿童有氧健身与认知可变性之间的关系。
根据有氧能力测试（最大摄氧量）的表现，将 48 名青少年前儿童（男性 25 名，女性 23 名，平均年龄=10.1 岁）分为高适应组和低适应组。通过对修改后的侧抑制任务的行为反应来测量认知功能。在每个参与者内部计算反应时间的分布，以评估表现的个体内可变性。具体来说，使用反应时间的标准差和变异系数来表示认知可变性。
无论适应能力如何，青少年前儿童在与一致试验相比时，反应时间更长，反应变异性增加，对不一致试验的反应准确性降低。此外，高适应能力的儿童在侧抑制任务的不同条件下，其反应时间的可变性更小，反应更准确，而在反应速度方面没有观察到组间差异。
这些发现表明，在一项需要不断变化认知控制要求的任务中，健康状况与更好的认知表现有关，并将这一研究领域扩展到表明，个体内可变性可能是一种有用的衡量标准，用于在青少年前阶段检查健康状况和认知之间的关系。
