Contreras-Osorio Falonn, Guzmán-Guzmán Iris Paola, Cerda-Vega Enrique, Chirosa-Ríos Luis, Ramírez-Campillo Rodrigo, Campos-Jara Christian
Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain.
Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile 7591538, Chile.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 24;19(7):3886. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073886.
There is a close relationship between the development of complex motor skills and executive functions during childhood. This study aimed to analyze the differences in different dimensions of executive functions in children practicing an open-skill sport (handball) and a closed-skill sport (athletics) and controls who did not participate in sports activities after a 12-week intervention period. School-aged male and female subjects (n = 90; mean ± standard deviation = 11.45 ± 0.68 years) participated in a non-randomized controlled study. Data analysis was performed using the STATA V.15 statistical software. The athletics intervention promoted semantic fluency (p = 0.007), whereas handball increased inhibition (p = 0.034). Additionally, physical activity improved in both intervention groups (p = < 0.001), whereas sprint performance improved in the handball group following intervention (p = 0.008), lower body muscular power improved in athletics (p = 0.04), and evidence of improvement in upper body muscular strength was noted in handball (p = 0.037). In turn, an increase in the Physical Activity Questionnaire for older Children score showed an association with the Standard Ten scores of executive functions. In conclusion, compared to controls, both athletics and handball induced meaningful improvements in physical activity and executive functions. However, sport-specific adaptations were noted after athletics (i.e., semantic fluency and lower body muscular power) and handball (i.e., inhibition, sprint, and upper-body muscular strength).
儿童期复杂运动技能的发展与执行功能之间存在密切关系。本研究旨在分析在为期12周的干预期后，参与开放技能运动（手球）和封闭技能运动（田径）的儿童以及未参加体育活动的对照组在执行功能不同维度上的差异。学龄期男女受试者（n = 90；平均±标准差 = 11.45 ± 0.68岁）参与了一项非随机对照研究。使用STATA V.15统计软件进行数据分析。田径干预促进了语义流畅性（p = 0.007），而手球提高了抑制能力（p = 0.034）。此外，两个干预组的身体活动均有所改善（p = < 0.001），而手球组干预后短跑成绩有所提高（p = 0.008），田径组下肢肌肉力量有所改善（p = 0.04），手球组上肢肌肉力量有改善迹象（p = 0.037）。反过来，大龄儿童身体活动问卷得分的增加与执行功能的标准十分制得分相关。总之，与对照组相比，田径和手球均在身体活动和执行功能方面带来了有意义的改善。然而，田径（即语义流畅性和下肢肌肉力量）和手球（即抑制能力、短跑和上肢肌肉力量）后出现了特定运动的适应性变化。
