Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 603 East Daniel St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
Psychol Assess. 2011 Sep;23(3):615-25. doi: 10.1037/a0022898.
Most research on adult attachment is based on the assumption that working models are relatively general and trait-like. Recent research, however, suggests that people develop attachment representations that are relationship-specific, leading people to hold distinct working models in different relationships. The authors report a measure, the Relationship Structures questionnaire of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-RS; R. C. Fraley, N. G. Waller, & K. A. Brennan, 2000), that is designed to assess attachment dimensions in multiple contexts. Based on a sample of over 21,000 individuals studied online, it is shown that ECR-RS scores are reliable and have a structure similar to those produced by other measures. In Study 2 (N = 388), it is shown that relationship-specific measures of attachment generally predict intra- and interpersonal outcomes better than broader attachment measures but that broader measures predict personality traits better than relationship-specific measures. Moreover, it is demonstrated that differentiation in working models is not related to psychological outcomes independently of mean levels of security.
大多数关于成人依恋的研究都是基于这样一种假设，即工作模式是相对普遍和特质的。然而，最近的研究表明，人们会形成特定于关系的依恋表征，从而导致人们在不同的关系中有不同的工作模式。作者报告了一种衡量标准，即《亲密关系经历问卷修订版-关系结构量表》（ECR-RS；R.C.Fraley、N.G.Waller 和 K.A.Brennan，2000），旨在评估多个背景下的依恋维度。基于一个由超过 21000 名在线研究的个体组成的样本，结果表明 ECR-RS 分数是可靠的，并且具有与其他测量方法相似的结构。在研究 2（N=388）中，结果表明，与更广泛的依恋测量相比，特定于关系的依恋的度量通常能更好地预测个体内和人际间的结果，但更广泛的测量更能预测人格特质，而不是特定于关系的测量。此外，研究还表明，工作模式的分化与安全感的平均水平无关，而是与心理结果相关。
