Environmental and Evolutionary Genomics, CNRS UMR8197 INSERM U1024, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France.
Plant J. 2011 Apr;66(1):45-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04540.x.
The last decade has witnessed outstanding progress in sequencing the genomes of photosynthetic eukaryotes, from major cereal crops to single celled marine phytoplankton. For the algae, we now have whole genome sequences from green, red, and brown representatives, and multiple efforts based on comparative and functional genomics approaches have provided information about the unicellular origins of higher plants, and about the evolution of photosynthetic life in general. Here we present some of the highlights from such studies, including the endosymbiotic origins of photosynthetic protists and their positioning with respect to plants and animals, the evolution of multicellularity in photosynthetic lineages, the role of sex in unicellular algae, and the potential relevance of epigenetic processes in contributing to the adaptation of algae to their environment.
过去十年见证了光合真核生物基因组测序的杰出进展，从主要的谷类作物到单细胞海洋浮游植物。对于藻类，我们现在已经有了来自绿藻、红藻和褐藻的全基因组序列，并且基于比较和功能基因组学方法的多项研究提供了有关高等植物单细胞起源以及光合作用生命一般进化的信息。在这里，我们展示了这些研究中的一些亮点，包括光合原生生物的内共生起源及其与植物和动物的定位，光合谱系中多细胞生物的进化，单细胞藻类中性别的作用，以及表观遗传过程在帮助藻类适应环境方面的潜在相关性。
