Division of Gene Therapy Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012 Jun 1;64(8):730-8. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.007. Epub 2011 Apr 6.
Despite advancements in treatments, cancer remains a life-threatening disease that is resistant to therapy. Single-modal cancer therapy is often insufficient to provide complete remission. A revolution in cancer therapy may someday be provided by vector-based gene and drug delivery systems. However, it remains difficult to achieve this aim because viral and non-viral vectors have their own advantages and limitations. To overcome these limitations, virosomes have been constructed by combining viral components with non-viral vectors or by using pseudovirions without viral genome replication. Viruses, such as influenza virus, HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan; Sendai virus) and hepatitis B virus, have been used in the construction of virosomes. The HVJ-derived vector is particularly promising due to its highly efficient delivery of DNA, siRNA, proteins and anti-cancer drugs. Furthermore, the HVJ envelope (HVJ-E) vector has intrinsic anti-tumor activities including the activation of multiple anti-tumor immunities and the induction of cancer-selective apoptosis. HVJ-E is currently being clinically used for the treatment of melanoma. A promising multi-modal cancer therapy will be achieved when virosomes with intrinsic anti-tumor activities are utilized as vectors for the delivery of anti-tumor drugs and genes.
尽管在治疗方法上取得了进展，但癌症仍然是一种危及生命的疾病，对治疗有抗药性。单一模式的癌症治疗往往不足以提供完全缓解。有朝一日，基于载体的基因和药物输送系统可能会为癌症治疗带来革命。然而，要实现这一目标仍然很困难，因为病毒和非病毒载体都有其自身的优势和局限性。为了克服这些局限性，已经通过将病毒成分与非病毒载体结合，或者使用没有病毒基因组复制的假病毒来构建类病毒体。流感病毒、HVJ（日本血凝病毒；仙台病毒）和乙型肝炎病毒等病毒已被用于类病毒体的构建。由于其高效传递 DNA、siRNA、蛋白质和抗癌药物，源自 HVJ 的载体特别有前途。此外，HVJ 包膜（HVJ-E）载体具有内在的抗肿瘤活性，包括激活多种抗肿瘤免疫和诱导癌症选择性凋亡。HVJ-E 目前正在临床上用于治疗黑色素瘤。当具有内在抗肿瘤活性的类病毒体被用作递送抗肿瘤药物和基因的载体时，有望实现多模式癌症治疗。
