School of Medicine University of Montenegro, Medical Center of Police Directorate of Montenegro, Bulevar Svetog Petra Cetinjskog 6, Podgorica, Montenegro.
Psychiatr Danub. 2011 Mar;23(1):45-52.
The purpose of the study was to research gender differences in suicides committed in Podgorica between 2000 and 2006, including sociodemographic variables (e.g. age, marital status, education etc.), methods of and motives for committing suicide. Data were taken from the Police Directorate of Montenegro.
We used data on 220 males and 83 females who committed suicide. Statistical analysis was done by using the crude specific rate. Significance between two independent crude rates is constructed around their 95% confidence intervals and it utilizes the difference between the two rates (D) to determine significance.
The incidence of suicide in males was found to be higher than in females (the male to female suicide ratio is 2.6 to 1). Females were older than males. Females had completed elementary education more frequently , and they were single or divorced or widows. Males had completed secondary education more frequently and they were married. The most frequent employment status of both gender groups implied pensioner and unemployment statuses. There was a significant difference in suicide rates between the genders during the reporting period. Suicide rates increase with age in both genders. Males chose firearms, hanging, strangulation and suffocation and jumping. Females chose hanging, strangulation and suffocation, jumping and drowning as the most frequent methods of suicide. The most frequent motive for suicide in both gender groups was physical illness. The second most frequent motive was mental illness. Emotional and financial difficulties were motives which were more common in males, whereas family problems appeared to be motives two times more frequent in females.
The complex multifactorial etiology of suicide suggests the need to consider gender differences when developing effective strategies for the therapy and the prevention of suicide.
本研究旨在研究 2000 年至 2006 年在波德戈里察发生的自杀事件中的性别差异，包括社会人口统计学变量（如年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度等）、自杀方法和动机。数据来自黑山警察局。
我们使用了 220 名男性和 83 名女性自杀者的数据。统计分析采用未校正的特定率。两个独立的未校正率之间的显著性是围绕它们的 95%置信区间构建的，它利用两个率之间的差异（D）来确定显著性。
男性自杀的发生率高于女性（男女自杀比例为 2.6 比 1）。女性比男性年龄大。女性完成小学教育的频率更高，她们是单身、离婚或丧偶。男性完成中学教育的频率更高，他们已婚。两个性别群体中最常见的就业状况都暗示了退休和失业状况。在报告期间，性别之间的自杀率存在显著差异。自杀率在两性中都随年龄增长而增加。男性选择枪支、上吊、绞杀和窒息以及跳楼。女性选择上吊、绞杀和窒息、跳楼和溺水作为最常见的自杀方法。两性中最常见的自杀动机是身体疾病。第二常见的动机是精神疾病。情感和经济困难是男性更常见的动机，而家庭问题似乎是女性两倍常见的动机。
自杀的复杂多因素病因表明，在制定有效的治疗和预防自杀策略时，需要考虑性别差异。
