Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
J Hum Hypertens. 2011 Dec;25(12):705-10. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2011.25. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
High dietary salt is a major contributor to increased blood pressure, the leading risk for death worldwide. In several countries, national programmes to reduce dietary salt have been implemented with leadership and involvement of hypertension experts. Other hypertension experts may be interested in assisting or leading a national programme to reduce dietary salt, however, may not have the experience or training to do so. The article is based on the experiences of three hypertension experts who have led the development of national dietary salt reduction programmes in the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada. The article advises developing leadership and a coalition, conducting a nation-specific environmental scan of facilitators and barriers, estimating the national health and financial costs of high dietary salt and the benefits of reducing salt intake, obtaining core documents to provide the scientific rational for the programme, developing a policy statement to outline the required actions to be undertaken, engaging government and industry, using media to gain public support, overcoming industry supported opposition and sustaining the effort long term. Resources and potential sources for international collaboration are provided as well as caveats for developing the programme within the specific nations' context and overall effort to improve health. Developing and leading a national salt reduction programme is a major commitment, however, reducing dietary salt is estimated to be one of the most effective strategies to improve a nation's health.
高盐饮食是导致血压升高的主要因素，而血压升高是全球范围内导致死亡的主要风险因素。在一些国家，已经实施了减少饮食中盐摄入量的国家方案，这些方案得到了高血压专家的领导和参与。其他高血压专家可能有兴趣协助或领导一个国家减少饮食中盐摄入量的方案，但可能没有相关经验或培训。本文基于三位高血压专家的经验，他们在英国、澳大利亚和加拿大领导了国家饮食盐减少方案的制定。文章建议培养领导力和联盟，对促进因素和障碍进行全国范围内的环境扫描，估计高盐饮食对国家健康和财政的成本以及减少盐摄入量的益处，获取核心文件为方案提供科学依据，制定政策声明概述所需采取的行动，与政府和行业合作，利用媒体获得公众支持，克服行业支持的反对，并长期维持努力。本文还提供了国际合作的资源和潜在来源，以及在特定国家背景下制定方案以及改善健康的总体努力方面的注意事项。制定和领导国家盐减少方案是一项重大承诺，然而，减少饮食中的盐摄入量被认为是改善国家健康的最有效策略之一。
