School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
Nutrients. 2017 Aug 28;9(9):939. doi: 10.3390/nu9090939.
Salt consumption is high in Africa and the continent also shares the greatest burden of hypertension. This study examines salt-related knowledge, attitude and self-reported behaviours (KAB) amongst adults from two African countries-Ghana and South Africa-which have distributed different public health messages related to salt. KAB was assessed in the multinational longitudinal World Health Organisation (WHO) study on global AGEing and adult health (WHO-SAGE) Wave 2 (2014-2015). Respondents were randomly selected across both countries-Ghana ( = 6746; mean age 58 years old; SD 17; 41% men; 31% hypertensive) and South Africa ( = 3776, mean age 54 years old; SD 17; 32% men; 45% hypertensive). South Africans were more likely than Ghanaians to add salt to food at the table (OR 4.80, CI 4.071-5.611, < 0.001) but less likely to add salt to food during cooking (OR 0.16, CI 0.130-0.197, < 0.001). South Africans were also less likely to take action to control their salt intake (OR 0.436, CI 0.379-0.488, < 0.001). Considering the various salt reduction initiatives of South Africa that have been largely absent in Ghana, this study supports additional efforts to raise consumer awareness on discretionary salt use and behaviour change in both countries.
非洲的盐摄入量很高，也是高血压负担最大的地区。本研究考察了来自两个非洲国家加纳和南非的成年人的盐相关知识、态度和自我报告行为（KAB），这两个国家传播了与盐有关的不同公共卫生信息。KAB 在世界卫生组织（WHO）关于全球老龄化和成人健康的多国纵向研究（WHO-SAGE）第二波（2014-2015 年）中进行了评估。在这两个国家（加纳=6746 人，平均年龄 58 岁，标准差 17，41%为男性，31%患有高血压；南非=3776 人，平均年龄 54 岁，标准差 17，32%为男性，45%患有高血压），受访者是随机选择的。与加纳人相比，南非人更有可能在餐桌上添加盐（OR4.80，CI4.071-5.611， < 0.001），但在烹饪过程中添加盐的可能性较小（OR0.16，CI0.130-0.197， < 0.001）。南非人也不太可能采取行动控制盐摄入量（OR0.436，CI0.379-0.488， < 0.001）。考虑到南非实施了各种减盐措施，而加纳却很少实施，本研究支持在这两个国家进一步努力提高消费者对随意用盐和行为改变的意识。
