Neurology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Division of Epilepsy and Electroencephalography, Harvey Cushing Institutes of Neuroscience, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2011 Aug;11(4):435-42. doi: 10.1007/s11910-011-0196-9.
In 2011, there are greater than 20 antiepileptic medications available. These medications work by modulating neuronal excitability. Reproductive hormones have been found to have a role in the pathogenesis and treatment of seizures by also altering neuronal excitability, especially in women with catamenial epilepsy. The female reproductive hormones have in general opposing effects on neuronal excitability; estrogens generally impart a proconvulsant neurophysiologic tone, whereas the progestogens have anticonvulsant effects. It follows then that fluctuations in the levels of serum progesterone and estrogen throughout a normal reproductive cycle bring about an increased or decreased risk of seizure occurrence based upon the serum estradiol/progesterone ratio. Therefore, using progesterone, its metabolite allopregnanolone, or other hormonal therapies have been explored in the treatment of patients with epilepsy.
2011 年，有超过 20 种抗癫痫药物可供使用。这些药物通过调节神经元兴奋性来发挥作用。研究发现，生殖激素在癫痫发作的发病机制和治疗中也起到了作用，通过改变神经元兴奋性，特别是在月经性癫痫的女性中。女性生殖激素通常对神经元兴奋性具有相反的影响；雌激素通常赋予促惊厥的神经生理作用，而孕激素则具有抗惊厥作用。因此，正常生殖周期中血清孕激素和雌激素水平的波动会导致基于血清雌二醇/孕激素比值的癫痫发作风险增加或降低。因此，人们已经在探索使用孕激素、其代谢物别孕烯醇酮或其他激素疗法来治疗癫痫患者。
