AgroParisTech, UMR1319, Micalis, Centre de Biotechnologie Agro-Industrielle, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 May;90(4):1193-206. doi: 10.1007/s00253-011-3212-8. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
High energy prices, depletion of crude oil supplies, and price imbalance created by the increasing demand of plant oils or animal fat for biodiesel and specific lipid derivatives such as lubricants, adhesives, and plastics have given rise to heated debates on land-use practices and to environmental concerns about oil production strategies. However, commercialization of microbial oils with similar composition and energy value to plant and animal oils could have many advantages, such as being non-competitive with food, having shorter process cycle and being independent of season and climate factors. This review focuses on the ongoing research on different oleaginous yeasts producing high added value lipids and on the prospects of such microbial oils to be used in different biotechnological processes and applications. It covers the basic biochemical mechanisms of lipid synthesis and accumulation in these organisms, along with the latest insights on the metabolic processes involved. The key elements of lipid accumulation, the mechanisms suspected to confer the oleaginous character of the cell, and the potential metabolic routes enhancing lipid production are also extensively discussed.
高能源价格、原油供应枯竭，以及植物油或动物脂肪对生物柴油和特定脂质衍生物（如润滑剂、粘合剂和塑料）的需求不断增加造成的价格失衡，引发了关于土地利用实践的激烈争论，并对石油生产策略产生了环境方面的担忧。然而，具有与植物和动物油脂相似组成和能量值的微生物油脂的商业化可能具有许多优势，例如不与食品竞争、具有更短的生产周期且不受季节和气候因素的影响。本综述重点介绍了目前正在进行的关于生产高附加值脂质的不同产油酵母的研究，以及此类微生物油脂在不同生物技术过程和应用中的应用前景。它涵盖了这些生物体中脂质合成和积累的基本生化机制，以及最新的代谢过程见解。还广泛讨论了脂质积累的关键要素、被怀疑赋予细胞油性特征的机制，以及增强油脂生产的潜在代谢途径。
