Dirlewanger Mirjam, Hauschild Michael, Phan-Hug Franziska, Schwitzgebel Valérie M
Unité d'endocrinologie et diabétologie pédiatriques, Département de pédiatrie, HUG, 1211 Genève 14.
Rev Med Suisse. 2011 Feb 23;7(283):430-6.
Diabetes type I (DTI) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a progressive destruction of the insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas that requires insulin substitution therapy. Recent epidemiological data show an annual increase of the incidence of DTI of 3.9%. Children with new onset diabetes typically present with polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss. As of today no cure for DTI exists. However new therapeutic immunomodulary approaches are under investigation. In the meantime adherence to insulin therapy is mandatory to achieve near physiological glucose levels. Monogenic forms of diabetes remain rare in children, but their diagnosis is important in order to propose a specific treatment. A critical period for the diabetic patient is the transition from pediatric to adult care.
1型糖尿病（DTI）是一种自身免疫性疾病，其特征是胰腺中产生胰岛素的β细胞逐渐遭到破坏，需要进行胰岛素替代治疗。最近的流行病学数据显示，DTI的发病率每年增长3.9%。新发糖尿病的儿童通常表现为多尿、多饮和体重减轻。截至目前，DTI尚无治愈方法。然而，新的治疗性免疫调节方法正在研究中。与此同时，坚持胰岛素治疗对于实现接近生理水平的血糖至关重要。单基因形式的糖尿病在儿童中仍然很少见，但其诊断对于提出具体治疗方案很重要。糖尿病患者的一个关键时期是从儿科护理过渡到成人护理阶段。
