Harazin Barbara
Slaski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Katowice.
Med Pr. 2010;61(6):649-54.
Toys play an important role in the development of the sight and hearing concentration in children. They also support the development of manipulation, gently influence a child and excite its emotional activities. A lot of toys emit various sounds. The aim of the study was to assess sound levels produced by sound-emitting toys used by young children.
Acoustical parameters of noise were evaluated for 16 sound-emitting plastic toys in laboratory conditions. The noise level was recorded at four different distances, 10, 20, 25 and 30 cm, from the toy. Measurements of A-weighted sound pressure levels and noise levels in octave band in the frequency range from 31.5 Hz to 16 kHz were performed at each distance.
Taking into consideration the highest equivalent A-weighted sound levels produced by tested toys, they can be divided into four groups: below 70 dB (6 toys), from 70 to 74 dB (4 toys), from 75 to 84 dB (3 toys) and from 85 to 94 dB (3 toys). The majority of toys (81%) emitted dominant sound levels in octave band at the frequency range from 2 kHz to 4 kHz.
Sound-emitting toys produce the highest acoustic energy at the frequency range of the highest susceptibility of the auditory system. Noise levels produced by some toys can be dangerous to children's hearing.
玩具在儿童视觉和听觉注意力的发展中起着重要作用。它们还有助于操作能力的发展，对儿童产生温和影响并激发其情感活动。许多玩具会发出各种声音。本研究的目的是评估幼儿使用的发声玩具所产生的声音水平。
在实验室条件下，对16个发声塑料玩具的噪声声学参数进行了评估。在距离玩具10厘米、20厘米、25厘米和30厘米的四个不同距离处记录噪声水平。在每个距离处，对31.5赫兹至16千赫兹频率范围内的A加权声压级和倍频程带中的噪声水平进行测量。
考虑到测试玩具产生的最高等效A加权声级，它们可分为四组：低于70分贝（6个玩具）、70至74分贝（4个玩具）、75至84分贝（3个玩具）和85至94分贝（3个玩具）。大多数玩具（81%）在2千赫兹至4千赫兹的频率范围内，在倍频程带中发出主导声级。
发声玩具在听觉系统最敏感的频率范围内产生最高的声能。一些玩具产生的噪声水平可能对儿童听力有害。
