Determination of arsenobetaine in fish tissue by species specific isotope dilution LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and standard addition LC-ICPMS.

An accurate and precise method for the determination of arsenobetaine (AsB, (CH(3))(3)(+)AsCH(2)COO(-)) in fish samples using exact matching species specific isotope dilution (ID) liquid chromatography LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) and standard addition LC inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICPMS) is described. Samples were extracted by sonication for 30 min with high purity deionized water. An in-house synthesized (13)C enriched AsB spike was used for species specific ID analysis whereas natural abundance AsB, synthesized and characterized by quantitative (1)H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), was used for reverse ID and standard addition LC-ICPMS. With the LTQ-Orbitrap-MS instrument in scan mode (m/z 170-190) and resolution set at 7500, the intensities of M + H ions at m/z of 179.0053 and 180.0087 were used to calculate the 179.0053/180.0087 ion ratio for quantification of AsB in fish tissues. To circumvent potential difficulty in mass bias correction, an exact matching approach was applied. A quantitatively prepared mixture of the natural abundance AsB standard and the enriched spike to give a ratio near one was used for mass bias correction. Concentrations of 9.65 ± 0.24 and 11.39 ± 0.39 mg kg(-1) (expanded uncertainty, k = 2) for AsB in two fish samples of fish1 and fish2, respectively, were obtained by ID LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS. These results are in good agreement with those obtained by standard addition LC-ICPMS, 9.56 ± 0.32 and 11.26 ± 0.44 mg kg(-1) (expanded uncertainty, k = 2), respectively. Fish CRM DORM-2 was used for method validation and measured results of 37.9 ± 1.8 and 38.7 ± 0.66 mg kg(-1) (expanded uncertainty, k = 2) for AsB obtained by standard addition LC-ICPMS and ID LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, respectively, are in good agreement with the certified value of 39.0 ± 2.6 mg kg(-1) (expanded uncertainty, k = 2). Detection limits of 0.011 and 0.033 mg kg(-1) for AsB with LC-ICPMS and ID LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, respectively, were obtained demonstrating that the technique is well suited to the determination AsB in fish samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is first application of species specific isotope dilution for the accurate and precise determination of AsB in biological tissues.