Center for Tobacco Control Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2011 Jul;13(7):556-64. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr040. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
Although nicotine addiction is thought to be the primary driver of tobacco smoking, few studies have examined nicotine dependence among Chinese mainland smokers.
A population-based cross-sectional study was designed. Subjects (4735) aged 15 years and older residents were drawn from six cities in China through a multistage systematic sampling procedure. Nicotine dependence of respondents was assessed in a face-to-face interview using the 6-item Mandarin Chinese version of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). A multilevel regression model, accounting for cluster sampling, was used to identify correlates of dependence.
Among females, only 4.2% (n = 115) were smokers (2.5% daily, 1.7% occasional). Subsequent analysis focused on males, of whom 50.8% (n = 1477) were smokers (38.9% daily, 11.9% occasional). The average FTND score was 2.89 (95% CI: 2.77-3.01) among all current smokers. Daily smokers had a significantly higher FTND score (3.49, 95% CI: 3.35-3.63) than occasional smokers (1.12, 95% CI: 0.98-1.26) (p < .01). Of all smokers, 27.1% were considered dependent based on FTND ≥ 4. Among daily smokers, FTND scores were negatively associated with age at smoking initiation, education, and self-efficacy for quitting smoking. FTND was associated (negatively) with income among occasional smokers only. There were regional differences in FTND scores among daily smokers.
Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent among Chinese males but rare among Chinese females. Occasional smoking is also common among males. Only 3.3% of occasional male smokers appear dependent by FTND criteria. Dependence varies by smoking history and demographics. These findings have implications for design and implementation of smoking cessation interventions.
尽管人们认为尼古丁成瘾是吸烟的主要驱动因素，但很少有研究调查中国大陆吸烟者的尼古丁依赖情况。
本研究采用基于人群的横断面设计。通过多阶段系统抽样程序，从中国六个城市抽取了年龄在 15 岁及以上的居民作为研究对象（4735 人）。通过面对面访谈，使用 6 项简体中文版 Fagerström 尼古丁依赖测试（FTND）评估受访者的尼古丁依赖程度。使用考虑到聚类抽样的多层次回归模型来确定依赖的相关因素。
在女性中，只有 4.2%（n=115）为吸烟者（2.5%为每日吸烟者，1.7%为偶尔吸烟者）。随后的分析集中在男性上，其中 50.8%（n=1477）为吸烟者（38.9%为每日吸烟者，11.9%为偶尔吸烟者）。所有当前吸烟者的平均 FTND 得分为 2.89（95%置信区间：2.77-3.01）。与偶尔吸烟者（1.12，95%置信区间：0.98-1.26）相比，每日吸烟者的 FTND 得分（3.49，95%置信区间：3.35-3.63）显著更高（p<0.01）。根据 FTND≥4，所有吸烟者中有 27.1%被认为依赖。在每日吸烟者中，FTND 得分与吸烟起始年龄、教育程度和戒烟自我效能呈负相关。仅在偶尔吸烟者中，FTND 与收入呈负相关。在每日吸烟者中，FTND 得分存在地区差异。
在中国男性中，吸烟非常普遍，但在女性中则很少。男性中偶尔吸烟也很常见。根据 FTND 标准，只有 3.3%的偶尔男性吸烟者似乎依赖。依赖程度因吸烟史和人口统计学特征而异。这些发现对戒烟干预措施的设计和实施具有影响。
