Negussie Dereje, Bejiga Abebe
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Gondar, Gondar.
Ethiop Med J. 2011 Jan;49(1):17-24.
Ocular conditions such as trauma, painful red eye of any cause, painless sudden visual loss and others are commonly seen as ocular emergencies, and can lead to ocular morbidity and visual loss.
To determine types and causes of ocular emergencies seen at Menelik II hospital.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October, 2007. Consecutive patients who presented with ocular emergencies at any time of the day were prospectively evaluated and registered on a formatted questionnaire. Evaluation of the patients included history of presenting illness, visual acuity testing intraocular pressure measurement on non-perforated and non-infected eyes, and complete eye examination in order to arrive at the diagnosis.
A total of 26,400 patients attended Menelik II hospital during the study period. Of these, 758 (3%) were persons with an ocular emergency. The majority of patients (n=551; 72.7%) were male, with a male to female ratio of 2.7:1. The age group of 16 to 30 years was the most affected (47.9%), followed by those aged 15 years or younger (27.3%). Ocular trauma and ocular infections accounted for 75.6% and 13.1% of cases, respectively. Of the total ocular emergencies, open globe injuries constituted 171 (22.6%), corneal foreign bodies and abrasion 125 (16.5%), and open adnexal injuries 119 (15.7%). Metal and wood were the commonest work-related causes of ocular injuries in adults, with both together accounting for 60% of all ocular injuries. Children, on the other hand, sustained ocular injury while playing with others in 128 (22.3%) of cases.
This study was able to provide a more complete picture to improve understanding of the nature and circumstances of ocular emergencies in Ethiopia. Ocular emergencies were dominated by ocular trauma, particularly affecting males and working-age adults. Public education and use of protective safety measures are recommended to alleviate the problem.
诸如外伤、任何原因引起的疼痛性红眼、无痛性突发视力丧失等眼部疾病通常被视为眼科急症，可导致眼部发病和视力丧失。
确定在梅内利克二世医院所见眼科急症的类型和病因。
于2007年4月至10月进行了一项横断面研究。对一天中任何时间出现眼科急症的连续患者进行前瞻性评估，并登记在一份格式化问卷上。对患者的评估包括现病史、视力测试、非穿孔和非感染眼的眼压测量，以及全面的眼部检查以做出诊断。
在研究期间，共有26400名患者前往梅内利克二世医院就诊。其中，758名（3%）为眼科急症患者。大多数患者（n = 551；72.7%）为男性，男女比例为2.7:1。16至30岁年龄组受影响最大（47.9%），其次是15岁及以下年龄组（27.3%）。眼外伤和眼部感染分别占病例的75.6%和13.1%。在所有眼科急症中，开放性眼球损伤占171例（22.6%），角膜异物和擦伤占125例（16.5%），开放性附属器损伤占119例（15.7%）。金属和木材是成人眼部损伤最常见的与工作相关的原因，两者合计占所有眼部损伤的60%。另一方面，儿童在128例（22.3%）病例中是在与他人玩耍时遭受眼部损伤的。
本研究能够提供更全面的情况，以增进对埃塞俄比亚眼科急症的性质和情况的了解。眼科急症以眼外伤为主，尤其影响男性和工作年龄的成年人。建议开展公众教育并使用防护安全措施以缓解这一问题。
