Teshome Tiliksew, Melaku Solomon, Bayu Samson
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University.
Ethiop Med J. 2004 Jul;42(3):185-93.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of retinal diseases as seen at a teaching and tertiary eye care center in Addis Ababa. In a descriptive, cross-sectional study, all consecutive patients seen at the retina clinic of Menelik II Hospital during a 19 months period (January 2000 to August 2001) were included in this series. Pertinent demographic and clinical data were recorded for all patients. A total of 1390 new patients with retinal diseases were seen at the retina clinic during the study period, accounting for 12.5% of the total outpatient population of the eye department. The male to female ratio was 1.8 : 1. The mean age was 45.2 years +/- 17.3 years (range 2 months to 92 years) and median of 44.5 years. Two hundred and twenty-four (16.1%) patients were bilaterally blind, 465 (33.5%) patients were unilaterally blind, 280 (20.1%) patients had bilateral visual impairment and 195 (14.0%) patients had unilateral visual impairment, while 213 (15.3%) patients had normal vision. Retinal detachment was the commonest cause of both bilateral (54.9%) and unilateral blindness (41.2%), while diabetic retinopathy and myopia were the leading causes of bilateral visual impairment accounting for 36.8% and 28.2% respectively. Retinal vascular diseases accounted for the largest group of patients (38.1%) of which diabetic retinopathy accounted for 75.1%. Retinal detachment was the second largest group of diseases, accounting for 24.5% of the total. The proportion of patients with age-related macular degeneration was only 2.7%. Most of the patients presented with advanced disease, which required vitreo-retinal surgery. There is a need to improve on the early diagnosis and early referral of retinal diseases at primary and secondary care levels. Selected tertiary care centers should develop capacity to provide laser and vitreo-retinal surgery. The introduction of posterior vitrectomy in Ethiopia is long overdue.
本研究的目的是评估亚的斯亚贝巴一家教学及三级眼科护理中心所见到的视网膜疾病模式。在一项描述性横断面研究中，本系列纳入了在梅内利克二世医院视网膜诊所19个月期间（2000年1月至2001年8月）就诊的所有连续患者。记录了所有患者的相关人口统计学和临床数据。在研究期间，视网膜诊所共接待了1390例新的视网膜疾病患者，占眼科门诊总人数的12.5%。男女比例为1.8:1。平均年龄为45.2岁±17.3岁（范围2个月至92岁），中位数为44.5岁。224例（16.1%）患者双眼失明，465例（33.5%）患者单眼失明，280例（20.1%）患者双眼视力受损，195例（14.0%）患者单眼视力受损，而213例（15.3%）患者视力正常。视网膜脱离是双眼（54.9%）和单眼失明（41.2%）的最常见原因，而糖尿病视网膜病变和近视是双眼视力受损的主要原因，分别占36.8%和28.2%。视网膜血管疾病患者占最大组（38.1%），其中糖尿病视网膜病变占75.1%。视网膜脱离是第二大疾病组，占总数的24.5%。年龄相关性黄斑变性患者的比例仅为2.7%。大多数患者表现为晚期疾病，需要进行玻璃体视网膜手术。有必要在初级和二级护理层面改善视网膜疾病的早期诊断和早期转诊。选定的三级护理中心应发展提供激光和玻璃体视网膜手术的能力。埃塞俄比亚早就应该引入玻璃体切除术了。
