Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2011 Aug 31;178(1):59-65. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.03.026. Epub 2011 Mar 31.
During embryonic development, blood flow is needed not only to nourish the developing embryo but is also important for shaping the vascular network such that it becomes hemodynamically efficient. The first blood vessels form a network called the capillary plexus. After the onset of blood flow, the capillary plexus remodel into a more hierarchical tree-shaped network. Mechanical forces created by blood flow are required for remodelling to occur and these forces are believed to induce a maturation of the blood vessels that stabilizes the growing vascular network. The role of mechanical force has been extensively studied in the mature cardiovascular system. Though the events induced by blood flow during development are thought to be similar to what occurs in the adult, there are several important differences between the embryo and the adult. We therefore discuss what is known about the role of mechanical forces in vascular remodelling from the adult cardiovascular system and highlight how embryonic development differs from the adult. We consider the role of blood flow in altering branching morphology, arterial-venous identity and the formation of the blood vessel wall during early vascular development.
在胚胎发育过程中，血液流动不仅需要滋养发育中的胚胎，对于塑造血管网络使其具有血液动力学效率也很重要。最初的血管形成一个称为毛细血管丛的网络。血流开始后，毛细血管丛重塑为更具层次结构的树状网络。重塑过程需要由血流产生的机械力，并且这些力被认为诱导了血管的成熟，从而稳定了正在生长的血管网络。机械力在成熟心血管系统中的作用已经得到了广泛的研究。尽管在发育过程中血流引起的事件被认为与成人中发生的事件相似，但胚胎和成人之间存在几个重要的差异。因此，我们讨论了从成人心血管系统中已知的机械力在血管重塑中的作用，并强调了胚胎发育与成人的不同之处。我们考虑了血流在改变早期血管发育过程中的分支形态、动静脉身份和血管壁形成中的作用。
